Organization and sequence of the human <i>α</i>-lactalbumin gene

Hall, Len; Emery, David C.; Davies, M. S.; Parker, D; Craig, Roger K.

doi:10.1042/bj2420735

Cited by 97 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This inhibitory effect of cortisol is reversed by prostaglandins (114). Cortisol might have a role in regulating the transcription of some whey protein genes; sequences bearing some resemblance to glucocorticoid receptor binding sites have been found in the 5' flanking region of human a-lactalbumin gene (66), and potential binding sites for glucocorticoid receptor were also found in the 5' flanking region of the whey acidic protein genes of rat and mouse (115).…”

Section: Cortisolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Control and Differentiation in Mammary Epithelial Cells

Borellini¹,

Oka²

1989

Environmental Health Perspectives

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Growth and differentiation of the mammary gland are controlled by various hormones and other environmental factors The role of hormones and growth factors in mammary development is discussed with regard to animal species, physiological stages, and the various experimental systems in vitro. In the female embryo, mammary morphogenesis is induced by the mesenchyme and is hormone independent, whereas androgens cause the partial necrosis of mammary epithelium in the male. Ductal growth during adolescence requires estrogen and prolactin or growth hormone. During pregnancy, progesterone participates in the development of the lobuloaveolar structure of the gland. After parturition, changes in the hormonal environment lead to production and secretion of milk. Proliferation and differentiation of mammary epithelium can be induced in culture systems. Insulin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulate mammary cell proliferation in vitro. EGF is required for the optimal growth of the mammary gland during pregnancy. EGF also appears to play an important role in mammary tumorigenesis in certain mouse strains. Production of milk proteins can be induced in vitro by the synergistic interactions of prolactin, insulin, and glucocorticoids and is inhibited by EGF and progesterone. Complete or partial sequencing of several milk protein genes and comparative analysis have led to identification of a sequence of high homology and conservation in the 5 'flanking region that is likely to be involved in the regulation of milk protein gene expression.

show abstract

Section: Cortisolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Control and Differentiation in Mammary Epithelial Cells

Borellini¹,

Oka²

1989

Environmental Health Perspectives

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The rodent whey acidic protein gene motif is TTTAAAT (Yu- Lee and Rosen 1983;Campbell et at. 1984), that of the a-lactalbumin gene is TAAATAAAA (Qasba and Safaya 1984;Hall et at. 1987;Vilotte et at.…”

Section: Comparison Oj the Bovine And Rat (3-casein Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1986). Of the whey proteins, the a-lactalbumin gene has been studied in the rat (Qasba and Safaya 1984), human (Hall et at. 1987) and cow (Vilotte et al 1987), the 0004-9417/88/040527$03.00 iJ-lactoglobulin gene has been studied in the sheep (Ali and Clark 1988) and the whey acidic protein (WAP) gene has been studied in the rat (Yu- Lee and Rosen 1983) and mouse (Campbell et al 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Nucleotide Sequence of the Bovine ß-casein Gene

Bonsing¹,

Jm²,

Af³

et al. 1988

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The !'i-casein gene is a member of a small gene family encoding the calcium-sensitive caseins, which are specifically synthesized and secreted by the mammary gland during lactation in response to both peptide and steroid hormones. The caseins are involved in the transport of calcium phosphate in milk, which is important for bone development in the infant mammal. We report here the organization and complete DNA sequence of the 8·5 kb long bovine !'i-casein gene. Comparison with the rat !'i-casein gene reveals that the exons of both genes correspond exactly. The 5' flanking sequences of all Ca-sensitive casein genes are conserved within the proximal 200 bp and contain several elements that probably function as cis-acting regulatory elements, including an octamer-like motif, an SV40-type core enhancer and a sequence that appears to be common to all lactoprotein genes. The latter sequence is flanked on either side by 12 bp direct repeats. These direct repeats are themselves each part of sequences that display two-fold symmetry. The first 30 nucleotides of the 3' flanking regions in the bovine and rat !'i-caseins are well conserved, indicating that they are likely to be involved in the mechanism of 3' end processing of the primary transcript.

show abstract

“…Recently, it has been proposed that a conserved sequence might be present in the regulatory regions of all the milk protein genes (Hall et al, 1987). This sequence has been found in human a-lactalbumin gene and in several casein genes from guinea-pig and rat (Qasba et Safaya, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%