Organization citizenship behaviour, psychological empowerment and demographic characteristics: Teachers’ perspective

Abstract

Several studies showed that the empowerment is pathway to organization citizenship behaviour (OCB) among teachers. Therefore this study focuses on investigating the relationship of psychological empowerment, demographic characteristics and organizational citizenship behaviour Participants of the survey were both from public and private sector universities of Punjab. Data was collected using the self-administered questionnaire. 213 questionnaires were distributed among the different 18 universities in Pakistan. We received 194 questionnaires from our respondents but only 180 was accurately filled and used for further analysis. Thus the response rate is 85%. To determine relation between empowerment and OCB regression analysis was used. ANOVA analysis and independent sample t-test was used to examine the influence of demographic characteristics on OCB. Our findings show that psychological empowerment is significantly and strongly related to OCB. Furthermore, demographics are also found to be important to promote the OCB in university teachers, whereas tenure of the job is found to be significant predictor of employee empowerment.

Demographic Profiling of Local Governments’ Employees in East Coast Region Malaysia Towards Organizational Citizenship Behaviour

“…Hence, hypothesis 1a was rejected and concluded that gender was not a demographic predictor in local government settings in east coast of Malaysia. This result was the same with Ibrahim et al (2015) but in contrast to Saleem et al (2017) and Bahrami et al (2013). Science,Education and Humanities Research,volume 292 (Table III) revealed that this demographic factor was immaterial towards OCB (t = 0.210, p > 0.05).…”

“…This indicated that OCB level are similar among these employees irrespective whether junior or senior staff. This finding is in line with Ibrahim el at (2015) for local government workforce in southern region of Malaysia and contrast with that of Parveen (2015), Uraon & Raya (2018) and Saleem et al (2017). Furthermore, as suggested by Hafidz, Hoesni, & Fatimah (2012), longer tenured employees have more job-related knowledge than new employees and they engaged in more OCB, as these employees feel more of a sense of belonging to the organization as compared to 'newer' employees.…”

“…He argued that employees who spend long time in any organization get attached to organization and these employees formed and shared good social bonding with each other. Same view was also noted by Uraon & Raya (2018) and Saleem et al (2017) where longer tenure employees would have higher levels of OCB. It is arguable that staff who has been employed over a long period of time would have more working experience tied with altruism and benevolent acts would show OCB in helping their colleagues and junior staff.…”

“…In a recent study by Singh & Dhande (2017) on 191 IT professionals also showed OCB was similar for both female and male. However, contrast result revealed where staff from an educational hospital in Iran reported a significant different in gender where male exhibited more OCB compared to female (Bahrami, Montazeralfaraj, Hashemi Gazar, & Dehghani, 2013) while lecturers from 18 universities in Pakistan demonstrated female lecturers were more responsible and showed greater concern towards students compared to male lecturers (Saleem, Nisar & Imran, 2017).…”

“…Recent study by Perdhana & Dewi (2017) on employees of Indonesia's State Electricity Company found that all employees, irrespective of their ages, showed indifference towards exhibition of OCB. Saleem et al (2017), however, revealed contrast finding where lecturers of 46 years and above were more committed to OCB compared to younger lecturers and Uraon & Raya (2018) showed that employees above the age of 41 perceived more OCB compared to their counterparts in public sector companies in India. Since the impact of age in local government workforce was not analyzed in Ibrahim et al (2015)'s study, the following proposition is made:…”