Organization of Actin Meshworks in Cultured Cells: The Leading Edge

Small, J. Victor; Rinnerthaler, G.; Hinssen, Horst

doi:10.1101/sqb.1982.046.01.056

Cited by 80 publications

(61 citation statements)

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“…As active transport and/or diffusion of proteins to the filopodial tip are required for filopodial growth, the limitation in length might be due to limitations in protein diffusion and/or transport mediated by myosinX along the thin filopodium. 5,27,[29][30][31][32][33][34] In other cell types, different maximal lengths of filopodia were reported. For example the filopodia of filopodia-forming sea urchin cell types can reach lengths of 5 μm to 35 μm.…”

Section: O N O T D I S T R I B U T Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 The lamellipodium protrudes via active actin polymerization in an Arp2/3-dependent process leading to a dense meshwork 2,3 and thus filopodia arise through filament-reorganization of this lamellipodial meshwork. [4][5][6] In contrast to the lamellipodium, filopodia consist of long, parallel actin filaments which are tightly cross-linked via many different proteins such as fascin or The ability of mammalian cells to adhere and to migrate is an essential prerequisite to form higher organisms. early migratory events include substrate sensing, adhesion formation, actin bundle assembly and force generation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The filopodium

Schäfer

Faust

Kirchgeßner

et al. 2011

Cell Adhesion & Migration

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Section: O N O T D I S T R I B U T Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The filopodium

Schäfer

Faust

Kirchgeßner

et al. 2011

Cell Adhesion & Migration

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“…The core structure of lamellipodia is the actin cytoskeleton, which is assembled into a meshwork in lamellipodia (Small et al, 1982). Using fluorescence staining with rhodamine-phalloidin, we determined that the formation of lamellipodia induced by BDNF involves rapid polymerization of the actin cytoskeleton (Fig.…”

Section: Acute Effects Of Neurotrophins On the Morphology Of Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Morphogenic and Chemotropic Effects of Neurotrophins on Cultured EmbryonicXenopusSpinal Neurons

1997

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Neurotrophins constitute a family of trophic factors with profound effects on the survival and differentiation of the nervous system. Addition of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), but not nerve growth factor (NGF), increased the survival of embryonic Xenopus spinal neurons in culture, although all three neurotrophins enhanced neurite outgrowth. Here we report that neurotrophins also exert acute actions on the morphology and motility of 1-day-old cultured Xenopus spinal neurons. Bath application of BDNF induced extensive formation of lamellipodia simultaneously at multiple sites along the neurite shaft as well as at the growth cone. The BDNF-induced lamellipodia appeared within minutes, rapidly protruded to their greatest extent in about 10 min, and gradually disappeared thereafter, leaving behind newly formed thin lateral processes. When applied as microscopic concentration gradients, both BDNF and NT-3, but not NGF, induced the growth cone to grow toward the neurotrophin source. Our results suggest that neurotrophic factors, when delivered to responsive neurons, may serve as morphogenic and chemotropic agents during neuronal development.

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“…The most active region is the leading lamellipodium. This area is very rich in actin filaments in the form of dense webs and small bundles (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Besides actin, the leading lamella contains a-actinin (8)(9)(10) and, often, filamin .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfilament-organizing centers in areas of cell contact: cytoskeletal interactions during cell attachment and locomotion.

Geiger¹,

Avnur²,

Rinnerthaler³

et al. 1984

The Journal of Cell Biology

132

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In this article we discuss three aspects of cell contact formation : (a) the molecular architecture of the cytomatrix in cell-to-substrate focal contacts, (b) the dynamic properties of membrane-and microfilament-associated proteins in the contact areas, and (c) the involvement of microtubules in the coordinated and directed formation of new substrate contacts during cell locomotion . We show that different microfilament-associated proteins exhibit distinct patterns of association with focal contacts : some proteins are specifically associated with focal contacts (vinculin and talin) ; a-actinin is enriched in the contact areas but also is present along the stress fibers and in the lamellipodium; actin and filamin are detected throughout the contact areas but in apparently reduced amounts compared with the associated stress fibers ; and tropomyosin, myosin, and spectrin are either absent from the endofacial surfaces of contact areas or are present in only very small amounts. Fluorescence photobleaching recovery analyses performed with living cells microinjected with fluorescently labeled actin, vinculin, and a-actinin indicate that each of these proteins maintains a dynamic equilibrium between a soluble cytoplasmic pool and a membrane-bound fraction . Correlation of the distribution of vinculin and tubulin in motile fibroblasts to local movements of the leading edge of the same cells indicates that free-end microtubules extend into actively ruffling areas along the lamellipodium and that new vinculin-containing contacts are preferentially formed in these protruding regions .Cells move by cycles ofanterior membrane protrusion, establishment ofcontact with the underlying substrate, and retraction of the posterior trailing edge (for reviews, see references 1 and 2). The spatial and temporal coordination ofthese three major phases of the locomotory cycle is an essential element of directional cell motility.Apparently, cells sense and identify external stimuli that affect their motility. These include chemotactic stimuli, contacts with neighboring cells, and changes in the texture or adhesivity of the substrate . In addition, a central mechanism probably exists that integrates these stimuli and coordinates the dynamic molecular events that occur in different domains of the cell. The most active region is the leading lamellipodium. This area is very rich in actin filaments in the form of dense webs and small bundles (3-7). Besides actin, the leading lamella contains a-actinin (8-10) and, often, filamin . The THE JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY " VOLUME 99 No . 1 Pt . 2 JULY 1984 83s-91s 0 The Rockefeller University Press -0021-9525/84/07/083s/09 $1 .00 focal contacts with the substrate that are formed under the leading lamella are particularly rich in the cytoskeletal protein vinculin and eventually, as they mature, become associated with the termini of stress fibers (9,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) . In fact, we suggest that focal contacts and the associated vinculin serve as organizing centers for the assembly of actin-c...

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Organization of Actin Meshworks in Cultured Cells: The Leading Edge

Cited by 80 publications

References 0 publications

The filopodium

The filopodium

Acute Morphogenic and Chemotropic Effects of Neurotrophins on Cultured EmbryonicXenopusSpinal Neurons

Microfilament-organizing centers in areas of cell contact: cytoskeletal interactions during cell attachment and locomotion.

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