Organization of apatite crystals in human woven bone

Su, Xin; Sun, K. R.; Cui, Fuzhai; Landis, William J.

doi:10.1016/s8756-3282(02)00945-6

Cited by 203 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…TEM has also allowed local qualitative assessment of the ultrastructure arrangement of healthy and osteoporotic bone [233,234], but in two dimensions only ( figure 13). Furthermore, TEM has been applied to make important contributions to what we know about bone structure at very small scales, through investigations of the shape and size of bone crystals [14,235], their spatial relationship and arrangement in relation to the collagen fibrils [175,236] or features of the collagen fibrils such as the approximately 67 nm D-spacing [7] (figure 13). Finally, TEM is also playing an important role in studying crystal arrangement during the bone mineralization process [237].…”

Section: Electron-based Imaging Techniques 2331 Transmission Elecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techniques to assess bone ultrastructure organization: orientation and arrangement of mineralized collagen fibrils

Georgiadis

Müller

Schneider

2016

J. R. Soc. Interface.

114

100

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Bone's remarkable mechanical properties are a result of its hierarchical structure. The mineralized collagen fibrils, made up of collagen fibrils and crystal platelets, are bone's building blocks at an ultrastructural level. The organization of bone's ultrastructure with respect to the orientation and arrangement of mineralized collagen fibrils has been the matter of numerous studies based on a variety of imaging techniques in the past decades. These techniques either exploit physical principles, such as polarization, diffraction or scattering to examine bone ultrastructure orientation and arrangement, or directly image the fibrils at the sub-micrometre scale. They make use of diverse probes such as visible light, X-rays and electrons at different scales, from centimetres down to nanometres. They allow imaging of bone sections or surfaces in two dimensions or investigating bone tissue truly in three dimensions, in vivo or ex vivo, and sometimes in combination with in situ mechanical experiments. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss this broad range of imaging techniques and the different modalities of their use, in order to discuss their advantages and limitations for the assessment of bone ultrastructure organization with respect to the orientation and arrangement of mineralized collagen fibrils.

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Section: Electron-based Imaging Techniques 2331 Transmission Elecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techniques to assess bone ultrastructure organization: orientation and arrangement of mineralized collagen fibrils

Georgiadis

Müller

Schneider

2016

J. R. Soc. Interface.

114

100

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“…Atomic force microscopy was used to measure the crystals of biological apatite in mature cow bones (Eppell et al 2001). The crystals are always platelet like (elongated along the crystallographic c-axis) and very thin (Wopenka and Pasteris 2005;Clark and Iball 1954;Rubin et al 2003;Su et al 2003), with remarkably uniform thicknesses (determined in transmission electron microscopy) of 2-4 nm (i.e., just a few unit cells thick-see Table 3). They exist in bones not as discrete aggregates but rather as a continuous phase, which is indirectly evidenced by a very good strength of bones.…”

Section: Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Table 3, dentine, cementum and bone are quite similar and for general purposes of material scientists they are regarded as being essentially the same material (Elliott 2002;Weiner and Wagner 1998;Currey 2002;Rho et al 1998;Fratzl et al 2004;Rubin et al 2003;Su et al 2003;Pellegrino and Blitz 1972;LeGeros et al 1987;Jones 2001). However, strictly speaking, there are some differences among them.…”

Section: Teethmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium orthophosphates (CaPO 4 ): Occurrence and properties

Dorozhkin¹

2017

Morphologie

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“…The problem of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and the consequent EU prohibition on the use of meat waste for feeding animals destined for human consumption created the problem with the utilization of bones [9]. The most concentrated form of organic phosphorus are bones [5,10]. The total production of MBM in the European Union (EU) exceeds 3,500,000 tons/year.…”

Section: Bonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of Bones to Liquid Phosphorus Fertilizer by Microbial Solubilization

Saeid

Labuda

Chojnacka

et al. 2013

Waste Biomass Valor

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Problem of decreasing resources of phosphate rock for phosphorus fertilizers production, can be mitigated by biological degradation of low quality substrates, performed by bacterial species able to produce mineral and low molecular organic acids. It was found that Bacillus megaterium was able to solubilize phosphorus incorporated with organic matter-biogenic apatite-bones. Using the microbial treatment (by acids produced by microorganisms) it was possible to produce liquid phosphorus fertilizers. At the same time the problem with utilization of noxious wastes can be solved. Two materials were used: bones and phosphorite. Two times higher solubilization factor for bones were achieved when compare to phosphorite. It was possible to obtain the organic liquid fertilizer with the content of P 2 O 5 0.09 % (m/m). It is necessary to evaluate the utilitarian properties of obtained fertilizer in the germination test.

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Organization of apatite crystals in human woven bone

Cited by 203 publications

References 20 publications

Techniques to assess bone ultrastructure organization: orientation and arrangement of mineralized collagen fibrils

Techniques to assess bone ultrastructure organization: orientation and arrangement of mineralized collagen fibrils

Calcium orthophosphates (CaPO 4 ): Occurrence and properties

Valorization of Bones to Liquid Phosphorus Fertilizer by Microbial Solubilization

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