Organization of cytokeratin cytoskeleton and germ plasm in the vegetal cortex of Xenopus laevis oocytes depends on coding and non-coding RNAs: Three-dimensional and ultrastructural analysis

Kloc, Małgorzata; Biliński, S; Dougherty, Matthew

doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.02.018

Cited by 52 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Folding predictions do differ for the wild type and mutants, but none are predicted to form highly stable structures in this region of the 3 ′ UTR. A precedent for an mRNA with dual functions comes from the Xenopus oocyte, where the VegT mRNA both encodes a protein and plays a structural role in organization of the cytokeratin cytoskeleton (Heasman et al 2001;Kloc et al 2005Kloc et al , 2007. Different regions of the VegT mRNA have different effects on cytokeratin polymerization and depolymerization (Kloc et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

oskar RNA plays multiple noncoding roles to support oogenesis and maintain integrity of the germline/soma distinction

Kanke

Jambor

Reich

et al. 2015

RNA

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The Drosophila oskar (osk) mRNA is unusual in that it has both coding and noncoding functions. As an mRNA, osk encodes a protein required for embryonic patterning and germ cell formation. Independent of that function, the absence of osk mRNA disrupts formation of the karyosome and blocks progression through oogenesis. Here we show that loss of osk mRNA also affects the distribution of regulatory proteins, relaxing their association with large RNPs within the germline, and allowing them to accumulate in the somatic follicle cells. This and other noncoding functions of the osk mRNA are mediated by multiple sequence elements with distinct roles. One role, provided by numerous binding sites in two distinct regions of the osk 3 ′ UTR, is to sequester the translational regulator Bruno (Bru), which itself controls translation of osk mRNA. This defines a novel regulatory circuit, with Bru restricting the activity of osk, and osk in turn restricting the activity of Bru. Other functional elements, which do not bind Bru and are positioned close to the 3 ′ end of the RNA, act in the oocyte and are essential. Despite the different roles played by the different types of elements contributing to RNA function, mutation of any leads to accumulation of the germline regulatory factors in the follicle cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

oskar RNA plays multiple noncoding roles to support oogenesis and maintain integrity of the germline/soma distinction

Kanke

Jambor

Reich

et al. 2015

RNA

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“…In Xenopus oocytes, the proper organization of the cytokeratin cytoskeleton is dependent on two RNAs, the Xlsirts ncRNA and the VegT mRNA, which are integrated within the cytoskeleton (Kloc et al 2005(Kloc et al , 2007. Depletion of either transcript using antisense oligonucleotides disrupts the cytokeratin network, but not the actin cytoskeleton.…”

Section: Long Ncrnas Serve As Structural Rnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long noncoding RNAs: functional surprises from the RNA world

Wilusz

Sunwoo²,

Spector³

2009

Genes Dev.

2,096

1,534

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Most of the eukaryotic genome is transcribed, yielding a complex network of transcripts that includes tens of thousands of long noncoding RNAs with little or no protein-coding capacity. Although the vast majority of long noncoding RNAs have yet to be characterized thoroughly, many of these transcripts are unlikely to represent transcriptional “noise” as a significant number have been shown to exhibit cell type-specific expression, localization to subcellular compartments, and association with human diseases. Here, we highlight recent efforts that have identified a myriad of molecular functions for long noncoding RNAs. In some cases, it appears that simply the act of noncoding RNA transcription is sufficient to positively or negatively affect the expression of nearby genes. However, in many cases, the long noncoding RNAs themselves serve key regulatory roles that were assumed previously to be reserved for proteins, such as regulating the activity or localization of proteins and serving as organizational frameworks of subcellular structures. In addition, many long noncoding RNAs are processed to yield small RNAs or, conversely, modulate how other RNAs are processed. It is thus becoming increasingly clear that long noncoding RNAs can function via numerous paradigms and are key regulatory molecules in the cell.

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“…In Drosophila oocytes, oriented microtubules are necessary for the positioning of the polarized determinants oskar, gurken and bicoid mRNAs (Neuman-Silberberg and Schupbach, 1993;Nilson and Schupbach, 1999;van Eeden and St Johnston, 1999). In Xenopus oocytes, Vg1 mRNA is dependent on intact microtubules for its localization in the vegetal cortex (Yisraeli et al, 1990;Kloc and Etkin, 1994), and, unexpectedly, both VegT and Xlsrts mRNA are necessary for the organization of other vegetally localized mRNAs and the cytokeratin cytoskeleton (Kloc and Etkin, 1994;Heasman et al, 2001;Kloc et al, 2005;Kloc et al, 2007). It is clear that there is not one single mechanism of localization as it has previously been shown that Otx1 and nanos1 localization is unaffected by VegT depletion (Heasman et al, 2001), and here we found that the germplasm component Xpat mRNA was not disrupted by Vangl2 depletion.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

The roles of maternal Vangl2 and aPKC inXenopusoocyte and embryo patterning

et al. 2011

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SUMMARYThe Xenopus oocyte contains components of both the planar cell polarity and apical-basal polarity pathways, but their roles are not known. Here, we examine the distribution, interactions and functions of the maternal planar cell polarity core protein Vangl2 and the apical-basal complex component aPKC. We show that Vangl2 is distributed in animally enriched islands in the subcortical cytoplasm in full-grown oocytes, where it interacts with a post-Golgi v-SNARE protein, VAMP1, and acetylated microtubules. We find that Vangl2 is required for the stability of VAMP1 as well as for the maintenance of the stable microtubule architecture of the oocyte. We show that Vangl2 interacts with atypical PKC, and that both the acetylated microtubule cytoskeleton and the Vangl2-VAMP1 distribution are dependent on the presence of aPKC. We also demonstrate that aPKC and Vangl2 are required for the cell membrane asymmetry that is established during oocyte maturation, and for the asymmetrical distribution of maternal transcripts for the germ layer and dorsal/ventral determinants VegT and Wnt11. This study demonstrates the interaction and interdependence of Vangl2, VAMP1, aPKC and the stable microtubule cytoskeleton in the oocyte, shows that maternal Vangl2 and aPKC are required for specific oocyte asymmetries and vertebrate embryonic patterning, and points to the usefulness of the oocyte as a model to study the polarity problem.

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Organization of cytokeratin cytoskeleton and germ plasm in the vegetal cortex of Xenopus laevis oocytes depends on coding and non-coding RNAs: Three-dimensional and ultrastructural analysis

Cited by 52 publications

References 34 publications

oskar RNA plays multiple noncoding roles to support oogenesis and maintain integrity of the germline/soma distinction

oskar RNA plays multiple noncoding roles to support oogenesis and maintain integrity of the germline/soma distinction

Long noncoding RNAs: functional surprises from the RNA world

The roles of maternal Vangl2 and aPKC inXenopusoocyte and embryo patterning

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