Organization of Group Members at Departure Is Driven by Social Structure in Macaca

Sueur, Cédric; Petit, Odile

doi:10.1007/s10764-008-9262-9

Cited by 138 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…In these conditions, the two new sub groups will be more composed on kin related individuals (Chepko Sade and Sade, 1979;Van Horn et al, 2007). This influence did not affect, however, our results, since groups having an influence of kinship can also be represented using random networks as the ones we used in this study (Flack et al, 2006;McCowan et al, 2008;Sueur and Petit, 2008;Kasper and Voelkl, 2009;Ramos Fernandez et al, 2009). Grooming a specific and low number of partners could also be of interest when managing time (individuals do not need to change their grooming time when group size increases) but could also have implications when considering cognitive capacities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…We did not set networks as scale free since recent primate studies showed that social networks were not scale free (i.e. with a power distribution of links) but random (see Flack et al, 2006;McCowan et al, 2008;Sueur and Petit, 2008;Kasper and Voelkl, 2009;Ramos Fernandez et al, 2009 for studies on primate social networks; see Wasserman and Faust, 1994 for social network theory). We can observe on Fig.…”

Section: Theoretical Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We built this network via Netdraw in UCINET 6.0 (Borgatti et al, 2002). Distance between individuals represents the strength of associations, and was calculated using multidimensional scaling (Whitehead 2009;Sueur and Petit, 2008). a value of group cohesion (how much time the group staid cohesive up on the 10,000 simulations).…”

Section: Design Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…same number of social bonds in a group), group mean path length can be different. This depends on how individuals are connected (see Wasserman and Faust, 1994 for details on social network theory; see Flack et al, 2006;McCowan et al, 2008;Sueur and Petit, 2008;Kasper and Voelkl, 2009;Ramos Fernandez et al, 2009; for studies on primate social networks).…”

Section: Group Structure Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Group size, grooming and fission in primates: A modeling approach based on group structure

Sueur

Deneubourg²,

Petit

et al. 2011

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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a b s t r a c tIn social animals, fission is a common mode of group proliferation and dispersion and may be affected by genetic or other social factors. Sociality implies preserving relationships between group members. An increase in group size and/or in competition for food within the group can result in decrease certain social interactions between members, and the group may split irreversibly as a consequence. One individual may try to maintain bonds with a maximum of group members in order to keep group cohesion, i.e. proximity and stable relationships. However, this strategy needs time and time is often limited. In addition, previous studies have shown that whatever the group size, an individual interacts only with certain grooming partners. There, we develop a computational model to assess how dynamics of group cohesion are related to group size and to the structure of grooming relationships. Groups' sizes after simulated fission are compared to observed sizes of 40 groups of primates. Results showed that the relationship between grooming time and group size is dependent on how each individual attributes grooming time to its social partners, i.e. grooming a few number of preferred partners or grooming equally or not all partners. The number of partners seemed to be more important for the group cohesion than the grooming time itself. This structural constraint has important consequences on group sociality, as it gives the possibility of competition for grooming partners, attraction for high ranking individuals as found in primates' groups. It could, however, also have implications when considering the cognitive capacities of primates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Theoretical Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Group Structure Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Group size, grooming and fission in primates: A modeling approach based on group structure

Sueur

Deneubourg²,

Petit

et al. 2011

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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“…At the dyadic level, individuals can reliably predict the behaviour of the other. At the group level, affiliative relationships underpin various patterns of social life such as coalitions, collective movements or information transmission (Chepko- Sade & Sade 1979;Silk et al 2004;Sueur & Petit 2008;Voelkl & Noë 2008). Coalitions allow individuals to win in social competition or to gain support in collective decisions by recruiting mates and kin (Chapais 1995); moreover, some key individuals can favour the spread of information or disease by their central position in social networks (Sueur et al 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative network analysis of social style in macaques

et al. 2011

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In group-living species, individuals gain significant advantages from establishing an extensive network of social relationships. This results in complex organizations that are difficult to quantify in a comprehensive manner. In this respect, network analyses are an ideal means to pinpoint the overall properties of social structures, and the place of each individual within these structures. We used network measurements to investigate cross-species variations in the social style of macaques, and studied 12 groups from four species. Two species (Macaca mulatta, Macaca fuscata) were characterized by a relatively weak social tolerance, a steep gradient of dominance and a strong preference for kin. The other two species (Macaca nigra, Macaca tonkeana) were known to display higher levels of tolerance, relaxed dominance and low kinship bias. We used a centrality index based on eigenvector centrality to show that in a comparison of intolerant and tolerant species, top-ranking individuals were more central than other group members in the former species than the latter. We also found that networks had higher modularity in intolerant species, indicating that kinrelated partners interacted more frequently in subgroups of these species than in those of tolerant species. Consistently, the matrix of body contacts was more strongly correlated with the kinship matrix in intolerant species. This study demonstrates the efficiency of network methodology in detecting fine and overall contrasts in social structures, and also reveals novel dimensions in the social style of macaques.Crown

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Grooming network cohesion and the role of individuals in a captive chimpanzee group

Kanngießer¹,

Sueur²,

Riedl³

et al. 2010

American J Primatol

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Social network analysis offers new tools to study the social structure of primate groups. We used social network analysis to investigate the cohesiveness of a grooming network in a captive chimpanzee group (N 5 17) and the role that individuals may play in it. Using data from a year-long observation, we constructed an unweighted social network of preferred grooming interactions by retaining only those dyads that groomed above the group mean. This choice of criterion was validated by the finding that the properties of the unweighted network correlated with the properties of a weighted network (i.e. a network representing the frequency of grooming interactions) constructed from the same data. To investigate group cohesion, we tested the resilience of the unweighted grooming network to the removal of central individuals (i.e. individuals with high betweenness centrality). The network fragmented more after the removal of individuals with high betweenness centrality than after the removal of random individuals. Central individuals played a pivotal role in maintaining the network's cohesiveness, and we suggest that this may be a typical property of affiliative networks like grooming networks. We found that the grooming network correlated with kinship and age, and that individuals with higher social status occupied more central positions in the network. Overall, the grooming network showed a heterogeneous structure, yet did not exhibit scale-free properties similar to many other primate networks. We discuss our results in light of recent findings on animal social networks and chimpanzee grooming. Am. J. Primatol. 73:758-767, 2011.

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Organization of Group Members at Departure Is Driven by Social Structure in Macaca

Cited by 138 publications

References 72 publications

Group size, grooming and fission in primates: A modeling approach based on group structure

Group size, grooming and fission in primates: A modeling approach based on group structure

A comparative network analysis of social style in macaques

Grooming network cohesion and the role of individuals in a captive chimpanzee group

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