Organizational Context and Individual Adaptability in Promoting Perceived Importance and Use of Best Practices for Substance Use

Knight, Danica K.; Joe, George W.; Morse, David T.; Smith, Corey N; Knudsen, Hannah K.; Johnson, Ingrid Diane; Wasserman, Gail A.; Arrigona, Nancy; McReynolds, Larkin S.; Becan, Jennifer E.; Leukefeld, Carl G.; Wiley, Tisha R. A.

doi:10.1007/s11414-018-9618-7

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…Beginning in August 2015, 739 (82%) of the eligible 904 leadership and line staff from JJ and BH agencies consented to participate in the JJ-TRIALS protocol and complete 4 staff surveys over a 2-year period. Participants had the choice to complete either a Qualtrics® web-based survey that used individualized email invitation links or a paper survey (Knight et al, 2019). The Time 1 survey response rate was 82%, yielding 607 completed surveys.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, a lack of staff endorsement for best practices can serve as a barrier to implementation. For instance, a study of JJ probation officers found that individuals who rated certain substance use service strategies as unimportant (e.g., routine, universal screening; use of screening results to inform decisions; use of active referral strategies such as scheduling appointments, providing transportation) were less likely to use those strategies with youth on their caseloads (Knight et al, 2019). Similarly, a lack of staff endorsement for HIV prevention, testing, and treatment linkage can serve as barriers to HIV service delivery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Juvenile justice staff endorsement of HIV/STI prevention, testing, and treatment linkage

et al. 2019

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Background While involvement in the legal system offers an opportunity to educate, screen, and treat high-risk youth, research shows that staff attitudes toward these practices can serve as barriers to implementation. The current study investigates the degree to which JJ staff endorse HIV prevention, testing, and treatment linkage practices with youth under community supervision and examines differences between individuals who supervise youth (e.g., juvenile probation officer) and those working in non-supervisory roles (e.g., case manager, assessment specialist). Methods Juvenile justice staff consenting to participation in JJ-TRIALS completed an initial staff survey ( N = 501). Survey items measured perceived importance of HIV/STI prevention (4 items); perceived importance of HIV/STI testing (7 items); and perceived importance of HIV/STI treatment linkage (8 items). Results Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was computed (SAS CALIS procedure) for each of the three domains. Findings suggest that while staff recognize that youth are at risk for HIV/STIs and require provision of HIV/STI prevention and treatment linkage, attitudes concerning the importance of procuring or providing testing services for youth is substantially lower. Furthermore, analytic models comparing staff with and without supervision responsibilities (computed using SAS PROC MIXED) indicated that attitudes differed by site and staff responsible for supervision rated HIV treatment linkage practices as less important compared to non-supervising staff. Conclusions Establishing partnerships with health agencies equipped with resources and skillsets to provide HIV/STI testing and related services may be an effective model to promote greater awareness and use of best practices among JJ staff and more effectively address the unmet needs of this high-risk population of youth.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Juvenile justice staff endorsement of HIV/STI prevention, testing, and treatment linkage

et al. 2019

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“…In their study, Delaney reported that up to 83% of patients continued to have a SUD, and in Clausen et al's study ( 47 ), this was 93% ( 44 ). Targeting the treatment of SUDs requires flexibility and innovation from organizations ( 48 ). SUDs are increasingly regarded as chronic disorders, requiring chronic follow-up ( 49 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance Use Disorders as a Critical Element for Decision-Making in Forensic Assertive Community Treatment: A Systematic Review

Marquant

Nuffel²,

Sabbe

et al. 2021

Front. Psychiatry

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Introduction: The prevalence of substance use disorders in forensic populations is high. They are an important factor linked to negative outcomes in mentally ill offenders and are detrimental to forensic or non-forensic outcome measures. In contrast, substance use disorders are often underdiagnosed and undertreated, especially in forensic settings. Forensic Assertive Community Treatment is a forensic adaptation of regular assertive community treatment, combined with essential elements of forensic rehabilitation theories. Little is known however on the effectivity of forensic assertive community treatment when it comes to substance use disorders or what their exact role is on the outcome measures. In this paper, we explore how SUD is treated in Forensic assertive community treatment and how it relates to the forensic and non-forensic outcome measures.Methods: We performed a systematic review (PRISMA) of forensic Assertive community treatment teams that followed the main evidence-based principles of regular assertive community treatment and added basic elements of forensic rehabilitation. We analyzed articles the Psychinfo and Medline databases dating from 2005 to 2020. Fifteen studies fit the search criteria and were included in the analysis. The Quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.Results: SUD was highly prevalent in all studies. Patients entered FACT through two pathways, either from a care continuum or directly from prison. The severity of SUD at intake emerges as a critical element when deciding which pathway to choose, as a high severity-score at the start of FACT follow-up was linked to recidivism. While differing in method all studies offered integrated SUD treatment. These included evidence-based techniques like CBT, therapeutic communities, and Substance Abuse Management Module. Though results on SUD outcomes were mixed 4 studies mentioned abstinence in 50–75%. The severity of SUD tended to increase initially and to stabilize afterwards.Conclusion: Severity of SUD at intake emerges as a decisive element in decision-making on entering FACT teams directly from prison or through a care-continuum. The ways to provide SUD treatment varied and outcomes for SUD were mixed. SUD was found to be detrimental to forensic and non-forensic outcome measures, such as recidivism or hospitalizations during FACT treatment.

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“…Fortunately, many evidence-based substance use prevention programs exist. A review of evidencebased interventions for preventing substance use and abuse among youth highlights numerous exemplary prevention programs that can be implemented at the individual, group, family, school or community level (Griffin & Botvin, 2010;Knight et al, 2019;Shelton, 2005;Tanner-Smith, Durlak, & Marx, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance use prevention services in juvenile justice and behavioral health: results from a national survey

Funk¹,

Knudsen²,

McReynolds³

et al. 2020

Health Justice

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Background: This study examined the national availability of substance use prevention (SUP) within juvenile justice (JJ) and their primary behavioral health (BH) providers, and the relationships between the availability of SUP and agency-level measures of organizational structure, staffing, and youth characteristics. A three-stage national probability sampling process was used to select participants for a national survey that included, among other facets of community supervision (CS) and BH practices, questions on agency characteristics, youth characteristics, whether the agency/provider directly provided SUP services, and whether the agency/provider directly provided substance use and/or mental health treatment. This paper focuses on SUP services along with agency/provider and youth characteristics related to providing SUP. Results: The response rate for both CS agencies (n = 195) and BH providers (n = 271) was 96%. Complex samples logistic regression initially examined univariate associations of each variable and identified candidates for a final multivariate model. Overall, only one-third of CS and BH providers reported offering SUP services, with BH providers being significantly more likely than CS agencies to provide SUP services. In addition, likelihood of SUP was significantly lower among agencies where the substance use distribution of the caseload was below the median. Controlling for master's level staff and the substance use distribution, CS agencies were about 67% less likely to offer SUP when compared to BH providers. Conclusions: Given the high rates of substance use among justice-involved youth and that substance use is an established risk for several negative behaviors, outcomes, and health conditions, these findings suggest that evidence-based prevention services should likely be expanded in justice settings, and perhaps included as part of CS programs, even when youth do not initially present with SU service needs.

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Organizational Context and Individual Adaptability in Promoting Perceived Importance and Use of Best Practices for Substance Use

Cited by 18 publications

References 78 publications

Juvenile justice staff endorsement of HIV/STI prevention, testing, and treatment linkage

Juvenile justice staff endorsement of HIV/STI prevention, testing, and treatment linkage

Substance Use Disorders as a Critical Element for Decision-Making in Forensic Assertive Community Treatment: A Systematic Review

Substance use prevention services in juvenile justice and behavioral health: results from a national survey

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