Organizational Factors Associated With Safety and Mission Success in Aviation Environments

Westrum, Ron; Adamski, Anthony J.

doi:10.4324/9781315092898-24

Cited by 19 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Safety is traditionally defined as a state where as little as possible goes wrong (“Safety I”) and assumes identifiable failures or malfunctions can be uncovered and resolved (Hollnagel et al., ). This perspective is consistent with international policy and approaches that managers favoured, that is, reporting concerns to management for resolution via top‐down interventions (Westrum & Adamski, ). Contrastingly, clinicians proposed RCA generated recommendations that “often lead to a drop‐in safety outcome, because of the change in practice slowing the system down, introducing new error, people learning that new error.” (ICUSDR2).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Surveillance, anticipation and firefighting: Perspectives of patient safety from a New Zealand case study

2019

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Aim This study explored how doctors, nurses and managers working in a New Zealand tertiary hospital understand patient safety. Background Despite health care systems implementing proven safety strategies from high reliability organisations, such as aviation and nuclear power, these have not been uniformly adopted by health care professionals with concerns raised about clinician engagement. Design Instrumental, embedded case study design using qualitative methods. Methods The study used purposeful sampling, and data was collected using focus groups and semi‐structured interviews with doctors (n = 31); registered nurses (n = 19); and senior organisational managers (n = 3) in a New Zealand tertiary hospital. Results Safety was described as a core organisational value. Clinicians appreciated proactive safety approaches characterized by anticipation and vigilance, where they expertly recognized and adapted to safety risks. Managers trusted evidence‐based safety rules and approaches that recorded, categorized and measured safety. Conclusion and Implications for Nursing Management It is important that nurse managers hold a more refined understanding about safety. Organisations are more likely to support safe patient care if cultural complexity is accounted for. Recognizing how different occupational groups perceive and respond to safety, rather than attempting to reinforce a uniform set of safety actions and responsibilities, is likely to bring together a shared understanding of safety, build trust and nurture safety culture.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Surveillance, anticipation and firefighting: Perspectives of patient safety from a New Zealand case study

2019

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“…Examples include ill-defined, unofficial or conflicting policies and values. Westrum and Adamski [13] argue that leaders with, "high integrity attitudes and behaviors form a coherent pattern". This suggests that moral and ethical leadership of organizational supervisors will result in less ambiguity in the workplace.…”

Section: Ambiguity In Leadership Communication: a Latent Hazard In Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2016

JAEST

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In aviation, it is common to have several aircraft operating in similar conditions uneventfully, yet another aircraft, following suit, experiences an accident in the same conditions. With the same information available to crews of both aircraft, conditions can quickly change leading to an accident for one, while the other crews land safely. Should this situational ambiguity be the cause of the accident/incident instead of the crew's poor judgment in light of the fact that others made the same decision without error? Can industry policies communicated to the crew on how to behave in these ambiguous situations be at fault? Do current practices tolerate this type of ambiguity? This paper explores the concept of ambiguity in leadership communication in the context of the airline industry. The authors define the variable of ambiguity in the context of National Airspace System operations and explore its impact on safety. Ambiguity is viewed as a latent hazard in the cockpit, the air traffic control environment, and operations components of the aviation industry. The concept of ambiguity is defined and explored using aviation case study to highlight its influence on aviation safety and decision making using the Reason Accident Causation Model. Additionally, this paper explores various survey instruments and scales that might be considered for observing and measuring these phenomena in the aviation community and recommends best practices.

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“…However, the aviation accident rate associated with human errors has not yet been well controlled. The accident statistics reported by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) show that over 70% of accidents are directly or indirectly related to human errors [3]. The effective assessment of human reliability in complex tasks is essential in assisting analysts in identifying critical human errors and improving human reliability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flight Safety Assessment Based on a Modified Human Reliability Quantification Method

Guo

Sun

Yang

et al. 2019

International Journal of Aerospace Engineering

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Human error is one of the most important risk factors affecting aviation safety. The original Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method (CREAM) developed for the nuclear industry is reliable for human reliability quantification, but it is not fully applicable to human reliability analysis in aviation because it neglects the characteristics of long-duration flights. Here, we propose a modified CREAM method to predict human error probability in flight and provide some improvement measures for critical operations. A set of performance influencing factors (PIFs), such as flight procedures and ground support, is established to reflect operational scenarios in flight. Then, we develop the expected affect index of PIFs and the Scenario Influence Index to construct a quantitative model of human reliability. The probability of human error for each operation in the approach and landing phases is obtained with the modified CREAM method, and the results indicate that the most important cognitive function that influences human reliability is missed action. The proposed method may be a suitable tool for human reliability quantification in aviation considering long-duration flights. The method also has great practical significance for improving flight safety.

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Organizational Factors Associated With Safety and Mission Success in Aviation Environments

Cited by 19 publications

References 11 publications

Surveillance, anticipation and firefighting: Perspectives of patient safety from a New Zealand case study

Surveillance, anticipation and firefighting: Perspectives of patient safety from a New Zealand case study

Untitled

Flight Safety Assessment Based on a Modified Human Reliability Quantification Method

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