Organizational strategies mediate nonverbal memory impairment in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Savage, Cary R.; Baer, Lee; Keuthen, Nancy J.; Brown, Halle D.; Rauch, Scott L.; Jenike, Michael A.

doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00278-9

Cited by 385 publications

(382 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The OFC has been considered to play a role in inhibitory cognitive processing and is associated with the DLPFC (Kwon et al, 2009, Savage et al, 1999. In previous studies, increased frontal and parietal activations including the DLPFC and presupplementary motor area were found in OCD patients during a cognitive task (Ciesielski et al, 2005, Henseler et al, 2008, de Wit et al, 2012, de Vries et al, 2014.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Disruption of effective connectivity from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to the orbitofrontal cortex by negative emotional distraction in obsessive–compulsive disorder

et al. 2015

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BackgroundObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) has been associated with abnormal cognitive and emotional functions and these dysfunctions may be dependent on the disruption of dynamic interactions within neuronal circuits associated with emotion regulation. Although several studies have shown the aberrant cognitive–affective processing in OCD patients, little is known about how to characterize effective connectivity of the disrupted neural interactions. In the present study, we applied effective connectivity analysis using dynamic causal modeling to explore the disturbed neural interactions in OCD patients.MethodA total of 20 patients and 21 matched healthy controls performed a delayed-response working memory task under emotional or non-emotional distraction while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsDuring the delay interval under negative emotional distraction, both groups showed similar patterns of activations in the amygdala. However, under negative emotional distraction, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) exhibited significant differences between groups. Bayesian model averaging indicated that the connection from the DLPFC to the OFC was negatively modulated by negative emotional distraction in patients, when compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05, Bonferroni-corrected).ConclusionsExaggerated recruitment of the DLPFC may induce the reduction of top-down prefrontal control input over the OFC, leading to abnormal cortico-cortical interaction. This disrupted cortico-cortical interaction under negative emotional distraction may be responsible for dysfunctions of cognitive and emotional processing in OCD patients and may be a component of the pathophysiology associated with OCD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Disruption of effective connectivity from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to the orbitofrontal cortex by negative emotional distraction in obsessive–compulsive disorder

et al. 2015

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“…Each OC symptom dimension was tested separately in 4 order to identify associations with strategic planning scores. There is evidence that strategic planning scores are influenced by age, IQ, level of education, and the presence of comorbid disorders, as well as by the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms (BDI and BAI scores).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The order in which the subject constructs the figure does not affect the score. 4 Although planning can be assessed on the basis of the scores on both portions of the test (copy and immediate recall), studies have suggested that the planning score obtained for the copy portion of the test is the best measure of strategic planning.…”

Section: Neuropsychological Evaluation 1) Rocftmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Executive functions that have been associated with OCD include mental flexibility, nonverbal memory, verbal memory, visuospatial skills, psychomotor speed, and strategic planning. 3,4 It has been demonstrated that strategic planning, defined as "the ability to organize information into its most simple (or semantically related) components, making it easier to learn and memorize", is impaired in patients with OCD. 2,3 Dysfunction in strategic planning can lead to an excessive concern with details, lack of semantic associations, difficulty in modifying the cognitive stage, and impairment in nonverbal memory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of specific obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions on strategic planning in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Pinto

Iêgo

Nunes

et al. 2011

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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OBJECTIVE: This study investigates obsessive-compulsive disorder patients in terms of strategic planning and its association with specific obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions. METHOD: We evaluated 32 obsessive-compulsive disorder patients. Strategic planning was assessed by the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, and the obsessive-compulsive dimensions were assessed by the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. In the statistical analyses, the level of significance was set at 5%. We employed linear regression, including age, intelligence quotient, number of comorbidities, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale score, and the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. RESULTS: The Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale "worst-ever" score correlated significantly with the planning score on the copy portion of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (r = 0.4, p = 0.04) and was the only variable to show a significant association after linear regression (β = 0.55, t = 2.1, p = 0.04). Compulsive hoarding correlated positively with strategic planning (r = 0.44, p = 0.03). None of the remaining symptom dimensions presented any significant correlations with strategic planning. CONCLUSION: We found the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms to be associated with strategic planning. In addition, there was a significant positive association between the planning score on the copy portion of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test copy score and the hoarding dimension score on the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Our results underscore the idea that obsessive-compulsive disorder is a heterogeneous disorder and suggest that the hoarding dimension has a specific neuropsychological profile. Therefore, it is important to assess the peculiarities of each obsessive-compulsive symptom dimension.

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“…Thus, when asked to copy the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (Savage et al, 1999;Savage et al, 2000) OCD spectrum disorder subjects (Mataix-Cols et al, 2003;Penades et al, 2005;Savage et al, 2000;Shin et al, 2004) often add detail to detail, whereas healthy participants typically start with a central0 global element, the latter resulting in superior recall (however see Bohne et al, 2005;Moritz et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No disadvantage for the processing of global visual features in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Moritz

Wendt

Jelinek

et al. 2008

J Inter Neuropsych Soc

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The present study examined whether patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) focus on details at the expense of global aspects. A recent study of our group using Navon letters (e.g., the letter "S" composed out of "A" letters) did not yield differences between OCD patients and controls on local processing. However, the task used may have lacked sensitivity, because it did not involve a response conflict condition (i.e., global and local level associated with different responses). In the current study, we gradually varied between-level conflict. Twenty-eight OCD patients and 30 healthy controls had to attend to the global and the local level of each item. OCD patients displayed comparable performance: Patients neither displayed a preference to respond to the local level nor enhanced interference from the local level. In conclusion, the present study does not support the idea that a generalized bias to "miss the forest for the trees" forms part of the vulnerability to OCD. (JINS, 2008, 14, 489-493.)

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Organizational strategies mediate nonverbal memory impairment in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Cited by 385 publications

References 59 publications

Disruption of effective connectivity from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to the orbitofrontal cortex by negative emotional distraction in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Disruption of effective connectivity from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to the orbitofrontal cortex by negative emotional distraction in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Influence of specific obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions on strategic planning in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder

No disadvantage for the processing of global visual features in obsessive-compulsive disorder

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