Organizations and Cybercrime

Broadhurst, Roderic; Grabosky, Peter; Alazab, Mamoun; Bouhours, Brigitte; Chon, Ki Hong

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2345525

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Among all these networks, service optimization is required to have better QoS, response time, real-time operations. Further, security solutions through cyber awareness in industry 4.0 networks are discussed for smart city networks [16] and among security solutions, data collection, analysis, sharing, and evaluation are important activities [17]. Here, active and passive security solutions are proposed for smart solutions.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Simulated-Annealing Based Electric Bus System Design, Simulation, and Analysis for Dehradun Smart City

et al. 2020

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Smart transportation network development with environmental issues into consideration has brought Industry 4.0 based solutions on priority. In this direction, battery-powered electric bus systems have been considered widely for ensuring flexibility, operation cost, and lesser pollutants emission. Industry 4.0 provides automation through a cyber-physical system (CPS), the interconnection of bus system entities with industrial internet-of-things (IIoT), remote information availability through cloud computing and scientific disciplines (human-computer interaction, artificial intelligence, machine learning etc.) integration. In this work, a discrete event-based simulation-optimization approach is integrated that take care of bus energy consumption according to real-time city's passenger needs and on-road friction levels. The proposed simulation optimization methodology utilizes multi-objective with dependent and independent variables for optimizing the overall system performance. In simulation optimization, objective functions are designed to tackle battery consumption, Internet-of-Thing (IoT) network performance, cloud operations efficiency and smart scientific discipline integration. Simulation parameters are based on a real-time bus system which is further analyzed, filtered and adapted as per the needs of the system. In another analysis, supercharger's capacities are varied to evaluate the performance of the proposed system and identify the low cost and efficient smart transportation system. Simulation results show different scenarios for variations in the number of buses, charging stations, bus-depots, mobile charging facilities, and bus-schedules. Simulation results show that the average passenger's waiting time in the waiting is (after ticket booking) varies between 0.2 minutes to 0.7 minutes in real-time traffic conditions. In similar traffic conditions, total passenger's time in system (ticket booking to travel) varies between 41.6 minutes (for 24 hours) to 45.5 minutes (for 1 year). In the simulation, priorities are given to those dependent and independent variables which save the battery consumption and elongate the utilization of buses. Lastly, it is also observed that the proposed system is suitable for resource-constraint devices because Gate Equivalent (GE) calculation shows that the proposed system can be implemented between 1986 GEs (communicational cost without confidentiality and authentication) and 7939 GEs (computational cost with HMAC for authentication in data storage). This ensures varies security primitivs such as confidentiality, availability and authentication. INDEX TERMS Electric vehicles, gate-equivalents, smart city, simulation-optimization, security primitives. I. INTRODUCTION Electric energy-based smart transportation system is the need for a new generation smart city's infrastructure. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Eklas Hossain. Electric energy has various advantages over fossil fuel energies. Fossil fuels emit ni...

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Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These approaches are found to be applicable and fruitful for different applications in different scenarios. These security solutions include malware detection [18], [19], static and dynamic malware detection processes, cybercrimes [17] etc.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Simulated-Annealing Based Electric Bus System Design, Simulation, and Analysis for Dehradun Smart City

et al. 2020

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“…McGuire estimated about 80% of cybercrime could be the result of some form of organized crime activity [23]. This does not mean, however, that these groups take the form of traditional, hierarchical organized crime groups or that they commit exclusively digital crime (for a review of research focusing on the perpetrators of cybercrime see [5].…”

Section: B Social Engineering and Other Attack Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sun Tzu's advice certainly applies to the battle against cybercrime. Efforts by law enforcement and computer analysts working in government and non-government sectors have led to significant victories that have helped to curb cybercrime [3] [4] [5] . Most of these victories were won through analyzing the technical aspects of Internet crime, for example, deciphering malicious codes, identifying malware [6], shutting down botnets and other methods used by cybercriminals, and designing increasingly sophisticated strategies to protect computer systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malicious Spam Emails Developments and Authorship Attribution

Alazab

Layton

Broadhurst

et al. 2013

2013 Fourth Cybercrime and Trustworthy Computing Workshop

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The Internet is a decentralized structure that offers speedy communication, has a global reach and provides anonymity, a characteristic invaluable for committing illegal activities. In parallel with the spread of the Internet, cybercrime has rapidly evolved from a relatively low volume crime to a common high volume crime. A typical example of such a crime is the spreading of spam emails, where the content of the email tries to entice the recipient to click a URL linking to a malicious Web site or downloading a malicious attachment. Analysts attempting to provide intelligence on spam activities quickly find that the volume of spam circulating daily is overwhelming; therefore, any intelligence gathered is representative of only a small sample, not of the global picture. While past studies have looked at automating some of these analyses using topic-based models, i.e. separating email clusters into groups with similar topics, our preliminary research investigates the usefulness of applying authorship-based models for this purpose. In the first phase, we clustered a set of spam emails using an authorship-based clustering algorithm. In the second phase, we analysed those clusters using a set of linguistic, structural and syntactic features. These analyses reveal that emails within each cluster were likely written by the same author, but that it is unlikely we have managed to group together all spam produced by each group. This problem of high purity with low recall, has been faced in past authorship research. While it is also a limitation of our research, the clusters themselves are still useful for the purposes of automating analysis, because they reduce the work needing to be performed. Our second phase revealed useful information on the group that can be utilized in future research for further analysis of such groups, for example, identifying further linkages behind spam campaigns.

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“…The growing activities of the suspected cybercriminals have recently been regarded as organized crimes where such fraudulent activities, which appear to be criminal in nature, are seen to have evolved ‘within the online space’ parallel to the traditional forms of crimes. This generation of presumed online ‘criminal fraternity’ is believed to have hijacked the ever-expanding advances in technology to perpetuate ‘virtual’ socioeconomic damages to humanity (Broadhurst, Grabosky, Alazab, Bouhours, & Chon, 2014; McCusker, 2006, p. 256). The problem of cybercriminality is seen to have taken advantage of ‘cross-national differences’, when it comes to the way these crimes could be prevented, detected, investigated and prosecuted, given how rapidly it is turning into a serious ‘global concern’ (United Nations, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediating Electronic Dangerscapes: A Multimodal Analysis of a State-sponsored Newspaper Warning Advertisement in Nigeria

Jibril

2019

Journal of Creative Communications

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In recent years, Nigeria’s image has always been negatively depicted in the global media, as the country’s name is associated with some of the world’s most sophisticated cybercriminals. The situation with the country’s perceived dented reputation, most especially in the Southeast Asia, Western Europe and the United States of America, is ripe for the anti-cybercrime discourse to take root, and subsequently, become a fertile ground for various parties to contribute to the grand discourse from different perspectives. This article highlights the way Nigerian government, through its revenues generating agency, the Federal Inland Revenue Services (FIRS), utilizes a print media warning advertisement (WA) to discursively construct and showcase its efforts in combating cybercrimes. The study utilizes Fairclough’s three-layered model for approaching discourse to analyse the FIRS-sponsored WA, which was published in The Guardian newspaper on 2 May 2013. The study incorporates analytical tools from the visual grammar (VG) and the multimodal discourse analysis (MDA) to examine the visual dimensions constituting the frame of the WA. The study revealed how the Nigerian government, through the FIRS sponsored WA, has attempted to discursively draw the attention of the general public to the potential dangers associated with the cybercriminals and their activities as well as suggesting the best ways to escape falling into their traps. The study recommends that governments and other civil societies should explore other means of creating more awareness to the general public, given the speed at which cyber-related crimes upsurge globally at the present time.

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Organizations and Cybercrime

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

A Novel Simulated-Annealing Based Electric Bus System Design, Simulation, and Analysis for Dehradun Smart City

A Novel Simulated-Annealing Based Electric Bus System Design, Simulation, and Analysis for Dehradun Smart City

Malicious Spam Emails Developments and Authorship Attribution

Mediating Electronic Dangerscapes: A Multimodal Analysis of a State-sponsored Newspaper Warning Advertisement in Nigeria

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