Organized cryogel composites with 3D hierarchical porosity as an extraction adsorbent for nucleosides

Abstract

Macroscopic monoliths are highly desirable in many fields of application. Herein, well organized organic–inorganic cryogel composite with a three‐dimensional hierarchical meso‐ and macroporous structure are presented, which were produced by in situ copolymerization of mesoporous multifunctional silica (size: 1–20 μm; pore: 2–20 nm mostly) and monomers (hydroxyethyl methacrylate and diallyldimethylammonium chloride) in water below the freezing point. This copolymerization method effectively adjusted the macropores of the basic cryogel, and the nanosilica was more homogeneously dispersed in the basic cryogel. The specific surface area of the cryogel composite was increased 17 times versus than that of the basic cryogel. The abundant meso‐ and macroporous pores on the cryogel composite provided sufficient reactive sites favorable for the efficient mass transport of target compounds. When the cryogel composite, as solid phase extraction adsorbent, was coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography, an analytical tool, the nucleosides were quantified with good selectivity, lower detection limits (0.9–1.3 ng/mL) and satisfactory recoveries of greater than 80% from spiked human serum.

Preparation of supermacroporous cryogels with improved mechanical strength for efficient purification of lysozyme from chicken egg white

“…Due to their interconnected, macroporous 3D structure, cryogels have been widely used in bioseparation‐related applications [1–10], tissue engineering [10–14], and other relevant bioengineering and sensor applications [15–17]. In particular, monolithic cryogels have been used as a new generation of chromatographic matrices for the separation of cells (mammalian, bacterial, and yeast), proteins, viruses, and plasmids [18–22].…”

Nucleoside Analogs: A Review of Its Source and Separation Processes

“…Deniz Aktaş Uygun groups [118] developed new boronate affinity nanoparticles using a surfactant-free emulsion polymerization technique and then functionalizing them with phenylboronic acid to adsorb nucleosides. Liu groups [119] prepared an organic-inorganic composite cryogel with a three-dimensional hierarchical meso-and macroporous structure by freezing. This organic-inorganic low-temperature gel composite can effectively adjust the pore size with a large specific surface area, and the mesopores and macropores on the material provide enough reaction sites to effectively enhance the mass transfer efficiency.…”

Preparation of Boronic Acid-Functionalized Cryogels Using Modular and Clickable Building Blocks for Bacterial Separation

“…The most commonly used separation methods such as centrifugation, filtration, and affinity chromatography suffer from different limitations including low selectivity, limited sample throughput, and high cost. 7,8 Currently, boronate affinity materials in the form of monolith, 9,10 nanoparticles, 11−13 hydrogels, 14 cryogel, 15 and multifunctional sensors 16,17 have shown great potential for selective recognition, immobilization, and separation of cisdiol-containing molecules and biological assemblies. The pHsensitive, reversible covalent bond between boronic acids and cis-diol-containing molecules in an aqueous solution makes boronic acids ideal ligands for specific recognition of cisdiols.…”

“…Currently, boronate affinity materials in the form of monolith, , nanoparticles, − hydrogels, cryogel, and multifunctional sensors , have shown great potential for selective recognition, immobilization, and separation of cis -diol-containing molecules and biological assemblies. The pH-sensitive, reversible covalent bond between boronic acids and cis -diol-containing molecules in an aqueous solution makes boronic acids ideal ligands for specific recognition of cis -diols. − The presence of poly- and oligosaccharides on the cell surface makes it possible to use a reversible boronate ester bond to separate bacteria. , Several chemical sensors have been constructed using boronate affinity to capture bacteria. − To enhance the binding strength of boronic acid, efforts have been made to explore the synergy effect of multiple boronate ester bonds to capture biomacromolecules. , Dendrimers such as poly­(amidoamine) and branched polyethyleneimine have been modified with boronic acids to increase the binding strength to bacteria and glycomolecules. ,− Linear polymers containing multiple boronic acid groups have also been studied.…”