The addition of a
B–H bond to an unsaturated bond (polarized
or unpolarized) is a powerful and atom-economic tool for the synthesis
of organoboranes. In recent years, s-block organometallics have appeared
as alternative catalysts to transition-metal complexes, which traditionally
catalyze the hydroboration of unsaturated bonds. Because of the recent
and rapid development in the field of hydroboration of unsaturated
bonds catalyzed by alkali (Li, Na, K) and alkaline earth (Mg, Ca,
Sr, Ba) metals, we provide a detailed and updated comprehensive review
that covers the synthesis, reactivity, and application of s-block
metal catalysts in the hydroboration of polarized as well as unsaturated
carbon–carbon bonds. Moreover, we describe the main reaction
mechanisms, providing valuable insight into the reactivity of the
s-block metal catalysts. Finally, we compare these s-block metal complexes
with other redox-neutral catalytic systems based on p-block metals
including aluminum complexes and f-block metal complexes of lanthanides
and early actinides. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive,
authoritative, and critical assessment of the state of the art within
this highly interesting research area.