Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides and bladder cancer: A case‐control study

Abstract

Background Exposure to pesticides is associated with an increase in the incidence of cancer. We aimed to investigate the association of serum organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) levels and GSTM1/GSTT1 gene polymorphism with bladder cancer (BC). Methods This study was performed on 57 patients with BC and 30 controls (C). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, arylesterase activity of paraoxonase‐1 (ARE), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined in serums of all participants. Genomic DNA was extracted using the salting out method and GSTM1/GSTT1 gene polymorphisms were examined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. Measurement of OCPs (α‐hexachlorocyclohexane [α‐HCH], β‐HCH, γ‐HCH, 2,4‐dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [2,4‐DDT], 4,4‐DDT, 2,4‐ dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene [2,4‐DDE], and 4,4‐DDE) in serum was carried out using an FID‐equipped gas‐chromatography system. Results AChE activity was significantly lower, ARE activity and TAC were declined but it was not statistically significant, however, α‐HCH, γ‐HCH, 4,4‐DDE, 2,4‐DDT, and 4,4‐DDT pesticides, and MDA were significantly higher in BC patients compared with the control subjects. Also, a positive correlation was found between the number of smoked cigarettes and the years of smoking with BC development. There was no association between GSTM1/GSTT1 gene polymorphisms and OCPs in BC patients. Conclusion Due to the higher levels of some OCPs in the BC patients, along with the reduction in AChE activity and increased MDA levels, it may be concluded that OCPs and OPs play an important role in the induction of BC in southeastern Iran.

Association between Organochlorine Pesticides and Thyroid Tumors; an in-silico and in-vivo Case Control Study

“…In addition, the results manifested that the TAC levels and AChE activity were higher in the PTC group compared to the BTN group, indicating that the levels of OS were higher in the PTC group compared to the BTN group. It can be concluded that the OS levels depend on the type of pesticides as well as the amount and period of exposure, as reported previously (9)(10)(11)32).…”

“…OCPs disrupt human metabolism by increasing oxidative stress (OS) levels (9)(10)(11)(12). The loss of balance between the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or nitrogen species (RNS) such as nitric oxide (NO) and the antioxidant defense mechanisms leads to a phenomenon called oxidative stress (OS) (6).…”

Insights Into the Biodegradation of Lindane (γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane) Using a Microbial System

“…Due to the lipophilicity, lindane can infiltrate and accumulate in the brain, human breast milk, and other organs that are rich in fat. Epidemiological and agricultural health studies reported that lindane exposure could be associated with the cancers of the breast, prostate, lung, stomach, colon, rectum, and bladder (Jayaraj et al, 2016;Abolhassani et al, 2019;Mortazavi et al, 2019).…”

Gradual reduction of susceptibility and enhanced detoxifying enzyme activities of laboratory-reared Aedes aegypti under exposure of temephos for 28 generations

“…aegypti [ 67 , 68 ]. Apart from resistance development, organophosphates are also implicated with severe adverse effects such as reduced antioxidant capacity, generation of free radicals, and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and bladder cancer [ 69 , 70 ]. Long-term use of OP has resulted in the accumulation of its residues in water, soil, food, cow milk, and other environmental components [ 71 ].…”