Abstract:Deposition and storage of ®ne-grained (562 . 5 mm) sediment in the hyporheic zone of gravel bed rivers frequently represents an important cause of aquatic habitat degradation. The particle size characteristics of such ®ne-grained bed sediment (FGBS) exert an important control on its hydrodynamic properties and environmental impact. Traditionally, particle size analysis of FGBS in gravel bed rivers has focused on the absolute size distribution of the chemically dispersed mineral fraction. However, recent work has indicated that in common with¯uvial suspended sediment, signi®cant dierences may exist between the absolute and the in situ, or eective, particle size composition of FGBS, as a result of the existence of aggregates, or composite particles. In the investigation reported in this paper, sealable bed traps that could be remotely opened to sample sediment deposited during speci®c storm runo events and a laser back-scatter probe were used to quantify the temporal and spatial variability of both the absolute and eective particle size composition of FGBS, and the associated suspended sediment from four gravel bed rivers in the Exe Basin, Devon, UK. The absolute particle size distributions of both the FGBS and suspended sediment evidenced c. 495% 5 62 . 5 mm sized primary particles and displayed a seasonal winter±summer ®ning, while the opposite trend was displayed by the eective particle size distribution of the FGBS and suspended sediment. The eective particle size distributions of both were typically highly aggregated, comprising up to 68% 4 62 . 5 mm sized particles. Spatial variation in the eective particle size and aggregation parameters was of secondary importance relative to temporal variation. The eective particle size distribution of the FGBS was consistently coarser and more aggregated than the associated suspended sediment and there was evidence of aggregate break-up in samples of resuspended bed sediment. The implications of these ®ndings for sediment transport modelling are considered.