Organochlorine pesticide residues in raw milk samples collected from dairy farms and urban areas of Lahore district, Pakistan

Arif, Atta M.; Iqbal, Javed; Ayaz, Muhammad; Abdullah, Muhammad; Imran, Muhammad; Shahbaz, Muhammad; Gondal, Tanweer Aslam; Ali, M. A.; Iqbal, Zafar; Salehi, Bahare; Sharifi‐Rad, Javad; Martins, Natália

doi:10.1007/s13197-020-04522-2

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Similar to the feed samples, the dominant compound was 4,4 ′ -DDE. The aldrin, dieldrin, lindane, endosulfan, 4,4 ′ -DDE, 4,4 ′ -DDT, and 2,4 ′ -DDT concentrations were much lower (by 5-50 times) than those reported in raw and pasteurized milk samples from Kampala markets, Uganda [56], in milk samples from different regions in Ethiopia [57], and from local markets in Sahiwal and Lahore, Pakistan [58,59]. The 4,4 ′ -DDE and 4,4 ′ -DDT concentrations were approximately two-times lower than in cow milk samples from Dhaka markets, Bangladesh [60].…”

Section: Organochlorine Pesticides In Milkmentioning

confidence: 75%

Organochlorine Pesticides in Dairy Cows’ Diet and the Carryover into Milk in NW Romania

Miclean,

Levei,

Cadar

2024

Sustainability

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Since modern agriculture relies on high volumes of chemical pesticides, monitoring the exposure to these dangerous substances in feed and the food chain is crucial. This study investigates the transfer of organochlorine pesticide (OCP) from water, soil, and feed to milk in free-range dairy cows using the carryover rates (CORs) and biotransfer factors (BTFs) from feed to milk as tools that can be used for human and animal risk assessments. BTFs can predict the transfer of OCPs into milk due to cows’ ingestion of contaminated feed. Samples were collected from ten small-scale dairy cow farms located near Baia Mare city, NW Romania, identified for distributing fresh milk in the local market. After the appropriate extraction was performed, the OCP concentrations were measured by gas chromatography equipped with an electron capture detector and randomly confirmed using mass spectrometry. The most prominent compounds in the soil, feed, and milk samples were hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites. The concentrations of OCPs were lower than the maximum admissible values in feed, water, soil, and milk. The CORs of OCPs varied over four orders of magnitudes, from 0.10% (2,4′–dichlorodiphenylchloroethylene, 2,4′–DDE) to 250% (4,4′–dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, 4,4′–DDT). Similar to CORs, the values of BTFs varied largely, from 0.0001 to 1.408. Additionally, the values higher than the unit for some BTFs could be due to the accumulation and biomagnification of these organochlorine compounds in the animal body. The cows’ dietary exposure was evaluated by the estimated daily intake (EDI), considering the three components of ingestion (feed, water, and soil), and varied in the range of 0.0008–0.3509 µg/day/body weight (bw).

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Section: Organochlorine Pesticides In Milkmentioning

confidence: 75%

Organochlorine Pesticides in Dairy Cows’ Diet and the Carryover into Milk in NW Romania

Miclean,

Levei,

Cadar

2024

Sustainability

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“… Birth defects in infants, neurological disorders, behavior changes, reproductive defects, gastrointestinal problems and cancer. Arif et al (2021) the profile of pesticide residues in milk samples will minimize the issue to great extent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide Residues in Whole Milk: Public Health Concerns

Jawale¹,

Chaudhari²

2023

Intern. J. Zool. Invest.

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Milk is an important part of our daily diet and contributes to the intake of important nutrients. Large scale applications of different pesticides in agriculture have resulted in retaining of pesticides in the form of residues in the natural resources, including milk also. Contamination of fodder and other natural resources with pesticides results in entry of pesticides in the body of cattle, including the milk. Presence of pesticides in milk contributes to the serious issue of human health. Various pesticide residues detected in milk include carbamates, organochlorines, organophosphates, and synthetic pyrethroid. General symptoms of pesticide residue toxicity of milk include excessive salivation, sweating, tearing, muscle twitching, weakness, tremor, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, respiratory depression, tightness in chest etc. Present review focuses on whole milk/full fat milk (definition, composition, nutritional value, therapeutic benefits); pesticides (definition, types, benefits, adverse effects); and pesticide residues. Emphasis is also given on public health concerns and safety measures for pesticide residues in milk for general public. This study recommends establishing pesticide residue monitoring programs for analysis of milk, to improve food safety and decrease exposure risks for consumers, and to create awareness among general public and owners of dairy farms regarding health hazards by pesticide residues in milk.

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“…In 97.4% of milk samples from the Greek market, at least one DDT isomer was detected, while DDE was the most frequently detected in 94.9% of samples, though all concentrations were below 1 µg/kg [42]. Studies from Pakistan showed high values exceeding the MRLs for α-endosulphan and β-endosulphan (112.69 and 107.16 ug/kg; [43]), and the sum of endosulfan was 118.9 ug/kg in cow's milk [44]. In contrast, concentrations of total endosulfan in a recent study in China were below the measurable limits [40].…”

Section: Occurrence Of Pesticide and Pcb Residuesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Milk and Dairy Products in Croatia: A Health Risk Assessment

Đokić,

Nekić,

Varenina

et al. 2024

Foods

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The aim of this study was to evaluate contamination levels and the frequency of detection of organochlorine (OCPs) and organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), pyrethroids, carbamates and polychlorinated biphenyls (seven PCB congeners) in a total of 534 samples of cow’s, sheep’s and goat’s milk and dairy products from Croatia. Concentrations above the limit of quantification (LOQ) were measured for fourteen OCPs, nine OPPs, six pyrethroids, one carbamate and PCBs with a total of 172 results, and no concentrations exceeded the maximal residue levels defined by the European Union. The mean concentrations of pesticides and the sum of seven PCBs were determined in the ranges 0.92–17.4 μg/kg and 1.38–2.74 μg/kg. Pesticides were quantified in 27% of samples, and seven PCBs were quantified in 5.23% of samples. Among the three pesticide groups, the highest numbers of quantified results were found for OCPs (12.1–20.8%). The highest frequencies of detection were found for the sum of 4,4’-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its isomers (DDTs), hexachlorobenzene and seven PCBs. The sum of seven PCBs was quantified within the range of 3.3–6.67% of samples per milk type and dairy products. Among the OPPs, the highest frequency of detection was found for chlorpyrifos in cow’s milk. Based on the estimated daily intakes, chronic risk characterisation showed no risk for adults or ten-year-old children for the consumption of cow’s milk and dairy products.

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Organochlorine pesticide residues in raw milk samples collected from dairy farms and urban areas of Lahore district, Pakistan

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Organochlorine Pesticides in Dairy Cows’ Diet and the Carryover into Milk in NW Romania

Organochlorine Pesticides in Dairy Cows’ Diet and the Carryover into Milk in NW Romania

Pesticide Residues in Whole Milk: Public Health Concerns

Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Milk and Dairy Products in Croatia: A Health Risk Assessment

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