Organochlorine Pollutants in Western Antarctic Peninsula Sediments and Benthic Deposit Feeders

Zhang, Lin; Dickhut, Rebecca M.; Demaster, D. J.; Pohl, K.; Lohmann, Rainer

doi:10.1021/es303553h

Cited by 41 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The limit of detection (LOD) was defined as signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) ¼ 3 and was calculated for each analyzed sample. In this study, the LODs were in the range of 0.02e8.99, 0.19e17.94 and 0.02e22.71 pg g À1 dw in soil and sediment, moss and lichen samples, respectively, which were approximately one order of magnitude lower than other reported results in Antarctica (Borghini et al, 2005;Kl anov a et al, 2008;Negoita et al, 2003;Zhang et al, 2007Zhang et al, , 2013 (Table S4).…”

Section: Quality Assurance/quality Control (Qa/qc)contrasting

confidence: 56%

“…2 Zhang et al (2013). However, much higher concentrations of HCB, DDTs and HCHs in soils around the research stations of east Antarctica (Negoita et al, 2003), and CHLs (sum of OxC, TC, CC, and TN, 3e599 pg g À1 dw) in soils from penguin colonies of east Antarctic coast (Roosens et al, 2007) have been reported.…”

Section: Ocps Levels and Composition In The Soil And Sediment Samplesmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Occurrence of organochlorine pesticides in the environmental matrices from King George Island, west Antarctica

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2015

Environmental Pollution

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a b s t r a c tAntarctica is considered as a final sink of many persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This work aims to investigate the levels, distributions and potential sources of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) with HRGC/ HRMS technique. Twenty-three OCPs were measured in various environmental matrices from King George Island, west Antarctica. The total concentrations (S 23 OCPs) were at quite low levels, ranging 93.6 e1260 pg g À1 dry weight (dw) in soil and sediment, 223e1053 pg g À1 dw in moss and 373e812 pg g À1 dw in lichen. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites (especially p,p 0 -DDE) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were the main contaminants in all samples.Lower a-HCH/g-HCH and higher p,p 0 -DDE/p,p 0 -DDT ratios compared with the technical products indicated long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) of recent lindane and aged technical DDT. Significant dependence of many OCPs concentrations on total organic carbon (TOC) was observed. Apart from LRAT, local biotic activities could also contribute and influence the spatial distribution of the contaminants.

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Section: Quality Assurance/quality Control (Qa/qc)contrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: Ocps Levels and Composition In The Soil And Sediment Samplesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Occurrence of organochlorine pesticides in the environmental matrices from King George Island, west Antarctica

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2015

Environmental Pollution

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“…To better understand the fate of PCBs once they are deposited to seawater, it could be useful to compare these atmospheric deposition fluxes with the sediment accumulation fluxes of PCBs reported recently for the Bellingshausen Sea (Zhang et al, 2013). The ratio of air-water diffusive exchange of the ICES PCB congeners measured here to the sediment accumulation fluxes for the four sites reported by Zhang et al (2013) are 9, 12, 14 and1800 (dimensionless).…”

Section: Air-water Diffusive Exchange and Dry Deposition Of Pcbsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The fate, transport and sinks of PCBs in different global regions and environments have received considerable attention during the last decades (see for example Lohmann et al, 2007). The occurrence of PCBs have also been reported in remote regions such as Antarctica and the Southern Ocean atmosphere (Tanabe et al, 1983;Iwata et al, 1993;Kallenborn et al, 1998;Fuoco et al, 1996;Montone et al, 2003Montone et al, , 2005Gambaro et al, 2005), seawater (Tanabe et al, 1983;Galbán-Malagón et al, 2013), soils (Cabrerizo et al, 2012;Kang et al, 2012) and biota (Larsson et al, 1992;BengtsonNash et al, 2008;Galbán-Malagón et al, 2013a;Cabrerizo et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2013;Brault et al, 2013). The atmospheric long-range transport of PCBs occurs through successive steps of volatilization and deposition (hops) and PCBs can reach eventually Polar Regions like the Arctic and Antarctica (Wania and Mackay, 1996;Jurado and Dachs, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting the atmospheric occurrence and deposition of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Southern Ocean

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Persistent organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, reach the Southern Ocean atmosphere through long-range atmospheric transport. In this study we report the largest dataset available for the atmospheric occurrence of PCBs in the Southern Ocean surrounding the Antarctic Peninsula from samples obtained during three cruises in 2005, 2008 and 2009. The gas phase concentrations of total PCBs ( 25 PCBs) ranged from 1 to 70 pg m −3 , while the aerosol phase concentrations were significantly lower (0.04 to 0.4 pg m −3 ). The aerosol phase is enriched in the more hydrophobic congeners consistent with the model predictions of gas-particle partitioning. There is a net airto-water diffusive flux of PCBs to the Southern Ocean, up to 100 times higher than the dry deposition flux of aerosolbound PCBs. The air-water disequilibrium is higher for the more hydrophobic congeners consistent with the role of the biological pump removing PCBs from the water column by settling of PCBs bound to organic matter. The atmospheric half-lives of PCB 52 and 180 are of 3.8 and 1 days, respectively, as calculated from the measured atmospheric concentration and depositional fluxes. The volatilization of PCBs from Antarctic soils during the austral summer drives higher gas phase concentrations in the atmosphere over Antarctica during the warmer periods. This temperature dependence is not observed for PCBs over the adjacent Southern Ocean, probably due to the importance of long-range atmospheric transport and atmospheric deposition modulating the atmospheric occurrence of PCBs.

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“…Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) encompass 209 compounds that are environmentally persistent, widespread, chemically and thermally stable, insoluble in water, non-flammable, electrically resistant, and toxic to vertebrate and invertebrate organisms (Rattner, 2009; Salice et al, 2013; Wiseman et al, 2011; Zhang et al, 2013). Although PCBs have been banned, the long half-life of this family of persistent organic pollutants continue to exceed tolerable limits recommended by the World Health Organization and present a significant risk to wildlife and humans.…”

Section: Polychlorinated Biphenylsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current concepts in neuroendocrine disruption

León-Olea

Martyniuk

Orlando

et al. 2014

General and Comparative Endocrinology

127

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In the last few years, it has become clear that a wide variety of environmental contaminants have specific effects on neuroendocrine systems in fish, amphibians, birds and mammals. While it is beyond the scope of this review to provide a comprehensive examination of all of these neuroendocrine disruptors, we will focus on select representative examples. Organochlorine pesticides bioaccumulate in neuroendocrine areas of the brain that directly regulate GnRH neurons, thereby altering the expression of genes downstream of GnRH signaling. Organochlorine pesticides can also agonize or antagonize hormone receptors, adversely affecting crosstalk between neurotransmitter systems. The impacts of polychlorinated biphenyls are varied and in many cases subtle. This is particularly true for neuroedocrine and behavioral effects of exposure. These effects impact sexual differentiation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and other neuroendocrine systems regulating the thyroid, metabolic, and stress axes and their physiological responses. Weakly estrogenic and anti-androgenic pollutants such as bisphenol A, phthalates, phytochemicals, and the fungicide vinclozolin can lead to severe and widespread neuroendocrine disruptions in discrete brain regions, including the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus, resulting in behavioral changes in a wide range of species. Behavioral features that have been shown to be affected by one or more these chemicals include cognitive deficits, heightened anxiety or anxiety-like, sociosexual, locomotor, and appetitive behaviors. Neuroactive pharmaceuticals are now widely detected in aquatic environments and water supplies through the release of wastewater treatment plant effluents. The antidepressant fluoxetine is one such pharmaceutical neuroendocrine disruptor. Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that can affect multiple neuroendocrine pathways and behavioral circuits, including disruptive effects on reproduction and feeding in fish. There is growing evidence for the association between environmental contaminant exposures and diseases with strong neuroendocrine components, for example decreased fecundity, neurodegeneration, and cardiac disease. It is critical to consider the timing of exposures of neuroendocrine disruptors because embryonic stages of central nervous system development are exquisitely sensitive to adverse effects. There is also evidence for epigenetic and transgenerational neuroendocrine disrupting effects of some pollutants. We must now consider the impacts of neuroendocrine disruptors on reproduction, development, growth and behaviors, and the population consequences for evolutionary change in an increasingly contaminated world. This review examines the evidence to date that various so-called neuroendocrine disruptors can induce such effects often at environmentally-relevant concentrations.

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Organochlorine Pollutants in Western Antarctic Peninsula Sediments and Benthic Deposit Feeders

Cited by 41 publications

References 77 publications

Occurrence of organochlorine pesticides in the environmental matrices from King George Island, west Antarctica

Occurrence of organochlorine pesticides in the environmental matrices from King George Island, west Antarctica

Factors affecting the atmospheric occurrence and deposition of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Southern Ocean

Current concepts in neuroendocrine disruption

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