Organochlorines, lead, and mercury in Akwesasne Mohawk youth.

Schell, Lawrence M.; Hubicki, Lech; DeCaprio, Anthony P.; Gallo, Mia V.; Ravenscroft, Julia; Tarbell, Alice; Jacobs, Agnes; David, Dawn; Worswick, Priscilla

doi:10.1289/ehp.5990

Cited by 49 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Exposure assessment studies in the 1990s found some local animal species to have PCB, p,pЈ-DDE, HCB, and mirex levels above the US Food and Drug Administration human consumption tolerance limits. 20,21 Current levels of POPs in this study sample of 10-to 16.9-year-old participants largely reflect prenatal and lactational exposure 22 that is consistent with known levels of contaminants among adult women, attributable to past maternal consumption of locally caught, contaminated fish. 23 The history of local environmental pollution, the traditional reliance on locally caught fish and game, and the concerns of community members about the health effects of environmental pollutants prompted human health studies at Akwesasne, including an investigation of adolescent development.…”

Section: Settingsupporting

confidence: 53%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Relationship of Lead, Mercury, Mirex, Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, Hexachlorobenzene, and Polychlorinated Biphenyls to Timing of Menarche Among Akwesasne Mohawk Girls

et al. 2005

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ABSTRACT. Background. Children are commonly exposed at background levels to several ubiquitous environmental pollutants, such as lead and persistent organic pollutants, that have been linked to neurologic and endocrine effects. These effects have prompted concern about alterations in human reproductive development. Few studies have examined the effects of these toxicants on human sexual maturation at levels commonly found in the general population, and none has been able to examine multiple toxicant exposures. The aim of the current investigation was to examine the relationship between attainment of menarche and levels of 6 environmental pollutants to which children are commonly exposed at low levels, ie, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p-DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), mirex, lead, and mercury.Methods. This study was conducted with residents of the Akwesasne Mohawk Nation, a sovereign territory that spans the St Lawrence River and the boundaries of New York State and Ontario and Quebec, Canada. Since the 1950s, the St Lawrence River has been a site of substantial industrial development, and the Nation is currently adjacent to a US National Priority Superfund site. PCB, p,p-DDE, HCB, and mirex levels exceeding the US Food and Drug Administration recommended tolerance limits for human consumption have been found in local animal species. The present analysis included 138 Akwesasne Mohawk Nation girls 10 to 16.9 years of age. Blood samples and sociodemographic data were collected by Akwesasne community members, without prior knowledge of participants' exposure status. Attainment of menses (menarche) was assessed as present or absent at the time of the interview. Congener-specific PCB analysis was available, and all 16 PCB congeners detected in >50% of the sample were included in analyses (Interna- , 153, 180, and 187). Probit analysis was used to determine the median age at menarche for the sample. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictors of menarcheal status. Six toxicants (p,p-DDE, HCB, PCBs, mirex, lead, and mercury) were entered into the logistic regression model. Age, socioeconomic status (SES), and BMI were tested as potential cofounders and were included in the model at P < .05. Interactions among toxicants were also evaluated.Results. Toxicant levels were measured in blood for this sample and were consistent with long-term exposure to a variety of toxicants in multiple media. Mercury levels were at or below background levels, all lead levels were well below the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention action limit of 10 g/dL, and PCB levels were consistent with a cumulative, continuing exposure pattern. The median age at menarche for the total sample was 12.2 years. The predicted age at menarche for girls with lead levels above the median (1.2 g/dL) was 10.5 months later than that for girls with lead levels below the median. In the logistic regression analysis, age was the strongest predictor of menarcheal status and SES was also a significa...

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Section: Settingsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…22 Briefly, all data were collected by Akwesasne community members, without prior knowledge of participants' exposure status. All study protocols were approved by the institutional review board at the University at Albany, State University of New York, and informed consent was obtained from all participants.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of Lead, Mercury, Mirex, Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, Hexachlorobenzene, and Polychlorinated Biphenyls to Timing of Menarche Among Akwesasne Mohawk Girls

et al. 2005

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“…Randomized cluster sampling techniques were utilized to collect samples and are described elsewhere (Santiago-Rivera et al, 2007;Schell et al, 2003). After informed consent was obtained, fasting blood samples (5 ml for serum cholesterol and triglycerides and 10 ml for organochlorines) were obtained from 335 adult Mohawks who lived on or near the Akwesasne Reservation in 1995-2000.…”

Section: Study Population and Blood Chemistry Analytic Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

High serum PCBs are associated with elevation of serum lipids and cardiovascular disease in a Native American population

Гончаров

Haase

Santiago-Rivera

et al. 2008

Environmental Research

166

110

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We have investigated the relationships among the concentration of total serum polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), various PCB congener groupings, and three pesticides to total serum lipids in humans with and without self-reported cardiovascular disease. Blood samples were obtained from 335 adult Akwesasne Mohawks, and were analyzed for 101 PCB congeners, mirex, DDE, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), as well as serum triglycerides and cholesterol. Structural equation modeling, following the definition of latent variables by means of confirmatory factor analysis, was used to analyze the relationships between serum lipids with PCBs and heart disease. There were significant associations among PCBs, lipids, age, and body mass index (BMI), a fact which justified the application of the structural equation model. Gender of the participant was unrelated to any of the remaining study variables. The results of this study are consistent with a model in which age is considered as both an exogenous explanatory variable and a biological driving mechanism for the acquisition of PCBs. Moreover, the results of this study are consistent with the conclusion that PCBs, acting through P450 enzymes, are directly responsible for increased synthesis of cholesterol and triglycerides, substances known to be major risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

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“…Data from the Santé Québec Health Survey (reported in Lévesque et al 1999;Schell et al 2003), cord blood studies conducted between 1993(Lévesque et al 2003Rhainds et al 1999) and data from the lead investigation done by Dewailly et al (2001) provide évidence of exposure to lead for the population of Nunavik. As outlined in Table 1, levels of lead concentrations in maternai blood from 1990-2000 were among the highest in circumpolar nations.…”

Section: Linking Lead Exposure and Traditional Foodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Health elt'ccts of lead on women and children Ubiquitous to the natural environment, lead is a toxic métal with no proven biological function in living organisms (Sanborn et al 2002;Schell et al 2003;Scheuhammer et al 1998). According to Sanborn et al (2002Sanborn et al ( : 1287: "Studies indicate that, overall, there is no évidence for a threshold below which lead has been proven to hâve no adverse health effects.…”

Section: Gendered Dimensions Of Environmental Health 735mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gendered dimensions of environmental health, contaminants and global change in Nunavik, Canada

Kafarowski

2007

etudinuit

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Ainsi que l’a démontré la littérature universitaire au cours des deux dernières décennies, la pollution est une importante menace potentielle à la santé à court et à long terme des êtres humains et de l’environnement naturel de l’Arctique, de même qu’elle soulève des questions de justice sociale et environnementale. Certaines études ont établi un lien entre des polluants tels que les métaux lourds, les polluants organiques de longue durée et les radionucléides, et l’usage traditionnel des nourritures locales par les peuples autochtones, y compris les Inuit. Ayant, d’une multitude de manières, un impact nuisible sur les communautés inuit, ces polluants représentent l’une des manifestations du changement global à travers le Grand Nord circumpolaire. En prenant pour point d’investigation la communauté d’Inukjuak, Nunavik (nord du Québec), Canada, cet article examine les rôles des femmes et des hommes inuit dans leur participation aux activités de chasse et à l’identification des polluants-contaminants; il démontre comment les hommes et les femmes construisent différemment cette question cruciale des contaminants. L’article examine de plus pourquoi le fait d’inclure les perspectives des deux sexes est essentiel au développement de politiques, de stratégies et de programmes environnementaux efficaces en réponse à ces contaminants.As has been well-documented in the scholarly literature over the last two decades, contaminants pose a potentially significant threat to the short and long-term health of Arctic human and natural environments and raise questions of social and environmental justice. Studies link contaminants such as heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants and radionuclides with the use of traditional country foods by Indigenous peoples including the Inuit. Adversely impacting Inuit communities in a myriad of ways, contaminants represent one manifestation of global change across the circumpolar North. Focusing on the community of Inukjuak, Nunavik (Northern Québec), Canada, this paper investigates the roles of Inuit women and men vis-à-vis participation in hunting activities and the identification of contaminants, and demonstrates how women and men construct the lead contaminant issue differently. Additionally, the paper explores why including the perspectives of both is critical to the development of effective environmental health policies, programs and strategies in response to these contaminants

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Organochlorines, lead, and mercury in Akwesasne Mohawk youth.

Cited by 49 publications

References 47 publications

Relationship of Lead, Mercury, Mirex, Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, Hexachlorobenzene, and Polychlorinated Biphenyls to Timing of Menarche Among Akwesasne Mohawk Girls

Relationship of Lead, Mercury, Mirex, Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, Hexachlorobenzene, and Polychlorinated Biphenyls to Timing of Menarche Among Akwesasne Mohawk Girls

High serum PCBs are associated with elevation of serum lipids and cardiovascular disease in a Native American population

Gendered dimensions of environmental health, contaminants and global change in Nunavik, Canada

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