Organoclay-modified high performance epoxy nanocomposites

Liu, Weiping; Hoa, Suong V.; Pugh, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.07.012

Cited by 218 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…[6,7,8], and high-functionality epoxies [9,10]. However, though various authors have studied the properties of epoxy-silicate nano-composites [11,12,13,14,15], there have generally been few studies comparing the properties of thermoset nano-and micro-composites [16,17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of epoxy-inorganic micro- and nano-composites

2006

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Hybrid materials have been formed using an epoxy polymeric matrix and a range of inorganic particles, including mica and organically-modified montmorillonites ('organoclays'), with various concentrations of the silicate modifier up to about 30wt.% depending upon the viscosity increase induced by the presence of the silicate. Wide-angle and small-angle X-ray scattering plus transmission electron microscopy were used to identify the morphologies produced, which included particulate, intercalated and ordered exfoliated. The modulus of these composites increased with the weight fraction of silicate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of epoxy-inorganic micro- and nano-composites

2006

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“…They assumed that the individual plates peel apart through a combination of shear and diffusion of polymer chains in the organoclay gallery. Liu et al [8][9][10] used a high-pressure mixing method with assistance of acetone solvent to improve the dispersion of clay in epoxy and observed significant improvement in fracture toughness of epoxy nanocomposites. Within this, higher shear was also applied on the clay particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of temperature, duration and speed of pre-mixing on the dispersion of clay/epoxy nanocomposites

Ngo

Ton‐That

Hoa

et al. 2009

Composites Science and Technology

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The effect of temperature, duration and speed of pre-mixing on the dispersion of organoclay in epoxy was studied. The technique of high-speed mixing process was used. Epoxy and Cloisite 30B were pre-mixed at different temperatures, different speeds and for different durations of time. The quality of dispersion and intercalation/exfoliation of organoclay in epoxy after pre-mixing (before adding hardener) was analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and viscosity measurement. The dispersion and intercalation/exfoliation of organoclay in the epoxy nanocomposites (ENCs) after curing were characterized by XRD, field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEGSEM) and TEM. The results illustrate that the clay particles were broken down to smaller and smaller sizes with increase of pre-mixing temperature and especially with increase in pre-mixing speed. These parameters do not significantly affect the intercalation/exfoliation of organoclay in epoxy at the pre-mixing step, but they have indirect effect on intercalation/exfoliation at the curing step.

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“…The fourth method (RS) was a ''room temperature and high-speed mixing'' process, in which the clay and epoxy were stirred at room temperature and high speed (24,000 rpm) for 1 h by means of a Model EW-04719-00 homogenizer from IKA Innovative Mixing and Processing Technology, equipped with a cylindrical rotor-stator mixing head of diameter 20 mm. The fifth method (TS) was a ''high temperature and highspeed mixing'' process, in which the clay and epoxy were stirred at 1208C by means of the homogenizer at high speed (24,000 rpm) for 1 h. The sixth one (HP) was a high-pressure process, in which organoclay was first dispersed in acetone (at a level of about 8%) with a Model M-110EH microfluidizer from Microfluidics (%15,000 psi or 103 MPa) to form a suspension, and then, the suspension was added into the epoxy resin according to the approach used by Liu et al [8][9][10]. The desired amount of paste of organoclay and acetone was added to epoxy resin and then, the mixture was stirred by hand at room temperature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chen and Tolle [7] achieved fully exfoliated layered silicate epoxies by high-shear mixing in the presence of acetone. Liu et al [8][9][10] used a high-pressure mixing method with assistance of acetone solvent to improve the dispersion of clay in epoxy nanocomposites and observed significant improvement in fracture toughness. However, the large amount of solvent required meant that considerable time was required for removing it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and properties of epoxy nanocomposites. I. The effect of premixing on dispersion of organoclay

Ngo¹,

Ton‐That

Hoa³

et al. 2009

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The objective of this work was to systematically study the effect of the conditions of shear and temperature used to premix nanoclay with epoxy resin on the dispersion and intercalation/exfoliation of the nanoclay in the resulting epoxy nanocomposites. The different mixing approaches used were hand stirring, conventional mechanical stirring, a high-speed homogenizer, and a microfluidizer. The quality of dispersion and intercalation/exfoliation of the organoclay in the epoxy resin was analyzed after premixing (before adding hardener) by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and rheological measurements. Nanocomposites obtained after adding hardener and curing were characterized by means of XRD, field emission gun scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and image analysis. Both the premixing and curing steps were found to play a determining role in the dispersion and intercalation/exfoliation of organoclay. Increased intercalation and exfoliation can take place during curing, with the extent depending on the curing rate. Although full exfoliation of clay cannot be achieved at the premixing stage, this step appears to be very important in controlling the micro-dispersion and thus affecting the further intercalation and exfoliation that take place during the curing step.

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Organoclay-modified high performance epoxy nanocomposites

Cited by 218 publications

References 23 publications

The mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of epoxy-inorganic micro- and nano-composites

The mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of epoxy-inorganic micro- and nano-composites

Effect of temperature, duration and speed of pre-mixing on the dispersion of clay/epoxy nanocomposites

Preparation and properties of epoxy nanocomposites. I. The effect of premixing on dispersion of organoclay

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