Organoclays as Sorbent Material for Phenolic Compounds: A Review

Abstract

The quest for new adsorbing material directed several scientists for more efficient sorbent material for environmental remediation. Natural materials such as clays are good sorbents for many contaminants in soil and water; due to their availability, low cost, environmental stability and high adsorptive, and ion exchange properties. Clay materials can potentially be modified by introducing long or short chain organic compounds to achieve the desired surface properties for best immobilization of hydrophobic compounds. Modified clays obtained are called organoclays and have been proven effective for remediation of many contaminants in soil and water such as phenols and its derivatives. This paper will highlight the synthesis, mechanism of sorption, isotherm models, and the applications of organoclays as potential sorbents for the environmental remediation of phenol and its derivatives. By looking at all the above as well as the detailed literature survey, we conclude that organoclays are cost effective sorbent material that have a high removal potential for phenol and its derivatives from water and wastewater.

Adsorption Kinetics of Malachite Green and Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions Using Surfactant-modified Organoclays

“…20 The OCs have long been used for the adsorption of a range of organic compounds from water and wastewater. 18,[21][22][23] Adsorption process is a surface phenomenon, where substance of interest is concentrated on the surface of solid adsorbent material. Liquid and gaseous substances can be adsorbed in suitable adsorbent and is widely used in isolation and purification processes in the chemical industries including biotechnology and environmental technology.…”

Single and multi-component adsorptive removal of bisphenol A and 2,4-dichlorophenol from aqueous solutions with transition metal modified inorganic–organic pillared clay composites: Effect of pH and presence of humic acid

“…In addition, natural clays are readily available and affordable [10,28]. Several studies have shown that by introducing inorganic poly-cations and cationic surfactant chains into the inter-lamellar spaces of the clay structure, its textural properties, thermal stability, hydrophobicity and adsorption capacity are significantly enhanced, making these inorganic-organic clay (IOC) composites suitable for the adsorption of hydrophobic pollutants, such as the phenolic compounds [28][29][30][31].…”

Application of surfactant-modified montmorillonite in nitrophenol removal by adsorption

“…The Langmuir adsorption model is based on the assumption that maximum adsorption corresponds to a saturated monolayer of solute molecules on the adsorbent surface, with no lateral interaction between the adsorbed molecules [16]. The Langmuir adsorption model is typically used for homogenous surfaces, with monolayer onto the surface and decline the concept of multilayer adsorption as in case of heterogeneous surfaces [17].…”

“…where q e is the nitrophenol amount (mg/g) adsorbed by organoclay in the equilibrium state, k F (dm 3 /g) is adsorption coefficient being an indicator of the adsorption capacity, C e is the nitrophenol concentration (mg/dm 3 ) in equilibrium liquid phase, and n is the exponential coefficient, responsible for the adsorption intensity [16,17] (Figs. 9, 10).…”