Organohalide formation on chlorination of algal extracellular products

Wachter, Jan K.; Andelman, Julian B.

doi:10.1021/es00129a002

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This distinct enhancement in the chloroform concentration therefore indicates that the expenditure of hypochloride to form chloroform depends on the algae species. Analogous data were obtained by Wachter and Andelman 31 during the chlorination of the algae species Anabaena flosaqueae and Chlorella vulgaris. They observed a higher chloroform formation in an aqueous suspension of Chlorella vulgaris.…”

Section: Sodium Hypochloride Initial Concentration Effect On Chlorofosupporting

confidence: 76%

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Chloroform formation by chlorination of aqueous algae suspensions: online monitoring via membrane introduction mass spectrometry

Borges¹,

Sparrapan²,

Guimarães³

et al. 2008

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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A técnica MIMS (membrane introduction mass spectrometry) foi utilizada para monitorar a formação de clorofórmio durante a cloração de suspensões aquosas de várias espécies brasileiras de algas verdes e azuis (Microcystis panniformis, Selenastrum sp., Scenedesmus sp., Monoraphidium sp. (strain 354), Monoraphidium sp. (strain 960), and Staurastrum sp.). Foram avaliadas as influências de parâmetros como temperatura, pH, concentração inicial de hipoclorito de sódio, filtração e tempo de reação. Foi constatado que o teor de clorofórmio é fortemente dependente da espécie de alga e também é favorecido com o aumento da temperatura, pH, dosagem de cloro inicial e do tempo de reação. Amostras de suspensões de algas submetidas a filtração produziram menores quantidades de clorofórmio em comparação com as amostras brutas.Membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) was used to perform on-line monitoring of the chloroform formation via the chlorination of aqueous suspensions of several green and blue-green Brazilian algae (Microcystis panniformis, Selenastrum sp., Scenedesmus sp., Monoraphidium sp. (strain 354), Monoraphidium sp. (strain 960), and Staurastrum sp.). The influence of major parameters, such as temperature, pH, initial concentration of sodium hypochloride, filtration, and reaction time, on chloroform formation was evaluated. It was verified that the chloroform formation is strongly dependent on the alga type and is favored by high temperatures, pH, sodium hypochloride initial concentration and reaction time. Finally, filtered algae samples produce smaller amounts of chloroform in comparison to the rough suspension.

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Section: Sodium Hypochloride Initial Concentration Effect On Chlorofosupporting

confidence: 76%

“…This observation corroborates previous results, which indicate that chloroform formation is directly dependent on temperature. For instance, Watcher and Andelman 31 observed that the amount of chloroform formed depends on the temperature and reaction time, especially in the first 24 h.…”

Section: Temperature Effect On Chlorination Of Aqueous Suspensions Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroform formation by chlorination of aqueous algae suspensions: online monitoring via membrane introduction mass spectrometry

Borges¹,

Sparrapan²,

Guimarães³

et al. 2008

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…However, this process is now considered as a major source of organic halogens, one class of which is called as purgeable organic halogens (Pox) , including trihalomethanes (THMs) , and another non-purgeable organic halogens (NPOX), found in drinking waterl,2) and natural waters3,4) Although THMs are of concern, because of both their effects on healthy 5-7 and their significant levels in water, recent work has shown that the even higher levels of NPOX can be formed from chlorination of the organic compounds in natural waters [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Because it has also been shown that the mutagenic character of drinking water is more closely associated with the concentrations of NPOX7, [14][15][16] it seems reasonable to consider not only the occurrence of THMs but also of NPOX in chlorinated water.…”

Section: Chlorinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple and Sensitive Method for Detection of Mutagens in Water by a Combination of Solid Phase Extraction and Microsuspension Procedure.

et al. 1993

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SummaryStudies were performed to develop a simple and sensitive method for detection of mutagens in water. The proposed method consists of solid phase extraction using Sep-Pak-tC18 cartridge and mutagenicity test of the cartridge extracts by the microsuspension procedure employing S.typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains.The cleanup process of Sep-Pak-tC18 cartridge prior to extracting of mutagens from water samples and the eluting procedure of mutagenic materials from the cartridge were very simple in view points of the solvent volumes used and time consumed, as compared with those conducted for XAD resin extraction. In addition, the mutagenic responses in the microsuspension procedure for water concentrates were shown to be ca. 18 times higher than those determined by the ordinary preincubation method.It was confirmed that a combination of Sep-Pak-tC18 cartridge extraction and microsuspension procedure was useful for routine monitoring of mutagens in drinking water and chlorinated lake water.

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“…Summer blooms in reservoirs are usually composed of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), and at least three of the 50 known genera of that can produce toxins and that between 50-70% of blooms of that are toxic, which have caused the death of both birds and animals that have drunk from water sources with cyanobacterial blooms [4]. Lastly, algae and their extracellular products (ECPs) are precursors for disinfection by-products, including trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids and haloacetonitriles [5][6][7][8]. Hence, many strategies for the management and reduction of excessive algal growth related to cyanobacteria blooms in the source have been devised, e.g., hypolimnic aeration, artificial destratification, nutrient diversion, biomanipulation, applying copper sulfate and sediment oxidation [9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Bipolar Pulsed DBD on the Growth of Microcystis aeruginosa in Three-Phase Discharge Plasma Reactor

Wang

et al. 2006

Plasma Chem Plasma Process

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Algae in drinking water supplies often bring about impact on the water treatment. In this study, a bipolar pulsed dielectric barrier discharge system in threephase discharge plasma reactor was constructed for investigating its ability to control excessive growth of cyanobacteria, Microcystis aeruginosa. Experimental results show there was almost no change in optical density immediately after the interruption of electrical discharge, but the decreasing trend of optical density, cell density and chlorophyll-a content was obvious during the incubation period, indicating a significant residual effect of electrical discharge process on the algal growth inhibition. Scanning electron microscopy investigation of algae revealed surface damage, apparent leakage of intracellular contents and pores formed after electrical discharge process, which showed that algal cells had no potential to survive and grow. Compared with the control sample, it was observed that electrical discharge on the algal extracellular products has almost no residual effect and the growth rate of algae slightly decreased before three days storage. Hydrogen peroxide was produced by electrical discharge in the lM level and showed a first-order decay. But at such level, the external addition of hydrogen peroxide alone is not likely to cause the residual effect. These results implicated that the growth inhibition of M. aeruginosa was mainly caused by electrical discharge process, and it made the algal cells lose ability to survive, demonstrating the considerable potential of such an alternative process for efficient water purification.Keywords Bipolar pulsed dielectric barrier discharge AE Microcystis aeruginosa AE The residual effect AE Hydrogen peroxide

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Organohalide formation on chlorination of algal extracellular products

Cited by 38 publications

References 8 publications

Chloroform formation by chlorination of aqueous algae suspensions: online monitoring via membrane introduction mass spectrometry

Chloroform formation by chlorination of aqueous algae suspensions: online monitoring via membrane introduction mass spectrometry

A Simple and Sensitive Method for Detection of Mutagens in Water by a Combination of Solid Phase Extraction and Microsuspension Procedure.

Role of Bipolar Pulsed DBD on the Growth of Microcystis aeruginosa in Three-Phase Discharge Plasma Reactor

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