Organoid Technology: Current Standing and Future Perspectives

Shariati, Laleh; Esmaeili, Yasaman; Javanmard, Shaghayegh Haghjooy; Bidram, Elham; Amini, Abbas

doi:10.1002/stem.3379

Cited by 37 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 262 publications

(170 reference statements)

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“…Matrigel is the most common biomaterial scaffold (26). 3D droplet culture and air-liquid-interface culture are two scaffoldfree techniques (27,28). Therefore, whether the structure, morphology, and function of HF organoids generated by other methods are consistent with our needs further study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Self-assembled complete hair follicle organoids by coculture of neonatal mouse epidermal cells and dermal cells in Matrigel

Xie¹,

Chen²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Ann Transl Med

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Background: 3D organoid cultures of hair follicles (HFs) are powerful models that mimic native HF for both in-depth study of HF disease and precision therapy. However, few studies have investigated the complete structure and properties of HF organoids. To investigate and characterize the complete HF organoids self-assembled by coculture of neonatal mouse epidermal cells (MECs) and dermal cells in Matrigel.Methods: Fresh epidermal and dermal cells from newborn mice (n=4) were isolated, and cocultured (1:1 ratio) in Matrigel using DMEM/F12 medium for 1 week. During the culture, an inverted microscope was used to observe the morphology of the 3D constructs. After 1 week, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining of HF-related markers (K5, K73, AE13, and K10), HF stem cell markers (K15, CD34, CD49f), skin-derived precursor-related marker (Nestin), and dermal papillae (DP)-specific markers (SOX2 and ALP) was performed in the harvested constructs to identify the HF organoids.Results: Epidermal and dermal cells self-assembled into HF organoids comprising an infundibular cyst-like structure, a lower segment-like structure, and a bulb-like structure from tail to root. The HF organoid had multiple, well-defined compartments similar to native anagen HF. Of the three segments, K73 was expressed in the inner root sheath-like layer, AE13 was localized in the hair shaft-like structure, K5, K15, CD34, and CD49f were present in the outer root sheath-like layer, Nestin labeled the connective tissue sheath-like layer, and SOX2 and ALP were expressed in the DP-like structure. Furthermore, K10 and K73 were expressed in the infundibular cyst-like structure. The expression of these molecular proteins was consistent with native anagen HF. Conclusions:The complete HF organoid regenerated in Matrigel has specific compartments and is an excellent model to study HF disease and precision therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Self-assembled complete hair follicle organoids by coculture of neonatal mouse epidermal cells and dermal cells in Matrigel

Xie¹,

Chen²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Ann Transl Med

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“…Of note, future studies should not put their focus only on main sarcoma subtypes, but also try to establish rare sarcoma organoids, in order to shed light on the countless questions of both involved clinicians and affected patients. All in all, the establishment of next-generation organoids requires a reduction in high organoid diversity, organoid maturation promotion, generation of larger organoids, as well as high-throughput live imaging [ 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organoids: A New Chapter in Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment

Psilopatis

Kokkali

Palamaris

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Sarcomas are malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin that can occur at any age. The rarity of these tumors in combination with the vast number of histological subtypes render the study of sarcomas challenging. Organoids represent complex three-dimensional cell culture systems, deriving from stem cells and preserving the capacity to differentiate into the cell types of their tissue of origin. The aim of the present review is to study the current status of patient-derived organoids, as well as their potential to model tumorigenesis and perform drug screenings for sarcomas. In order to identify relevant studies, a literature review was conducted and we were able to identify 16 studies published between 2019 and 2022. The current manuscript represents the first comprehensive review of the literature focusing on the use of organoids for disease modelling and drug sensitivity testing in diverse sarcoma subtypes.

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“…Airway and alveolar lung organoids can also be developed from pluripotent stem cell (PSCs), adult stem cell (ASCs) [ 35 , 39 , 40 ], or progenitor cells dissociated and isolated from donor lung tissue. PSC-derived lung organoids are developed by differentiating progenitor stem cells into mature lung epithelium.…”

Section: Basics Of Organoid Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organoid Technologies for SARS-CoV-2 Research

et al. 2022

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Purpose of Review Organoids are an emerging technology utilizing three-dimensional (3D), multi-cellular in vitro models to represent the function and physiological responses of tissues and organs. By using physiologically relevant models, more accurate tissue responses to viral infection can be observed, and effective treatments and preventive strategies can be identified. Animals and two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models occasionally result in inaccurate disease modeling outcomes. Organoids have been developed to better represent human organ and tissue systems, and accurately model tissue function and disease responses. By using organoids to study SARS-Cov-2 infection, researchers have now evaluated the viral effects on different organs and evaluate efficacy of potential treatments. The purpose of this review is to highlight organoid technologies and their ability to model SARS-Cov-2 infection and tissue responses. Recent Findings Lung, cardiac, kidney, and small intestine organoids have been examined as potential models of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lung organoid research has highlighted that SARS-CoV-2 shows preferential infection of club cells and have shown value for the rapid screening and evaluations of multiple anti-viral drugs. Kidney organoid research suggests human recombinant soluble ACE2 as a preventative measure during early-stage infection. Using small intestine organoids, fecal to oral transmission has been evaluated as a transmission route for the virus. Lastly in cardiac organoids drug evaluation studies have found that drugs such as bromodomain, external family inhibitors, BETi, and apabetalone may be effective treatments for SARs-CoV-2 cardiac injury. Summary Organoids are an effective tool to study the effects of viral infections and for drug screening and evaluation studies. By using organoids, more accurate disease modeling can be performed, and physiological effects of infection and treatment can be better understood.

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Organoid Technology: Current Standing and Future Perspectives

Cited by 37 publications

References 262 publications

Self-assembled complete hair follicle organoids by coculture of neonatal mouse epidermal cells and dermal cells in Matrigel

Self-assembled complete hair follicle organoids by coculture of neonatal mouse epidermal cells and dermal cells in Matrigel

Organoids: A New Chapter in Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment

Organoid Technologies for SARS-CoV-2 Research

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