Organoids: a Special Issue

Little, Melissa H.

doi:10.1242/dev.150292

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…As oganoids cannot be cultured without gel supporting 3D growth, it will be necessary to vary both gel stiffness and generation time to uncouple their respective contribution to the folding. The work by Little, 2017 shows that in brain organoids generation time can be both slowed down and speeded up by either genetic manipulation or by adding small molecule inhibitors of pathways regulating cell proliferation. Unfortunately, changing stiffness of matrigel also changes its biochemical composition and may affect cell proliferation and differentiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bulk-lumens-folds/tubes transition seen across animal species in early embryogenesis, is also a key feature of the later organ formation. The early stages of organogenesis in the liver, kidney, brain, gut, and pancreas are apparently so robust, that they can be recapitulated in vitro, allowing for advanced quantification and manipulation ( Little, 2017 ). The case of pancreatic organoids is interesting as it illustrates an increase of morphological complexity from spheres to folds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Theoretical tool bridging cell polarities with development of robust morphologies

Nissen

Rønhild

Trusina

et al. 2018

eLife

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Despite continual renewal and damages, a multicellular organism is able to maintain its complex morphology. How is this stability compatible with the complexity and diversity of living forms? Looking for answers at protein level may be limiting as diverging protein sequences can result in similar morphologies. Inspired by the progressive role of apical-basal and planar cell polarity in development, we propose that stability, complexity, and diversity are emergent properties in populations of proliferating polarized cells. We support our hypothesis by a theoretical approach, developed to effectively capture both types of polar cell adhesions. When applied to specific cases of development – gastrulation and the origins of folds and tubes – our theoretical tool suggests experimentally testable predictions pointing to the strength of polar adhesion, restricted directions of cell polarities, and the rate of cell proliferation to be major determinants of morphological diversity and stability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical tool bridging cell polarities with development of robust morphologies

Nissen

Rønhild

Trusina

et al. 2018

eLife

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“…Organoids can be derived from different sources: pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), established cell lines, stem/progenitor cells from adult or fetal organs, or fragments of an organ itself. Under defined culture conditions, the isolated cells are capable of self-renewal, differentiation and spontaneous self-organization into 3D structures that mimic the architecture of the native organ (Little, 2017 , 2017). When the human colonic organoids (HCOs) are transplanted under the mouse kidney capsule for several weeks, they yield outgrowths that display a typical colon structure with mesodermderived smooth muscle.…”

Section: Organoids a Go-gomentioning

confidence: 99%

The endoderm from a diverse perspective

Dunn

Hogan

2018

Development

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The historic town of Taos, New Mexico, with its rich multicultural history of art and craft, was the site of the second Keystone Symposium on 'Endoderm Development and Disease', which was held in February 2018. The theme of the meeting was 'Cross-Organ Comparison and Interplay', emphasizing an integrative and multisystem approach to the broad topics of organ physiology, homeostasis, repair, regeneration and disease. As we review here, participants shared their recent discoveries and discussed how new technologies developed in one organ system might be applied to answer crucial questions in another. Other integrative themes were how agents such as parasites, microbes, immune cells, physical forces and innervation can affect tissue organization and progenitor cell dynamics, and how defects in the development of an organ can impact its adult function. Participants came away with a broader vision of their field and a renewed sense of collective energy empowered by novel tools and fresh ideas.

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“…The bulklumensfolds/tubes transition seen across animal species in early embryogenesis, is also a key feature of the later organ formation. The early stages of organogenesis in liver, kidney, brain, gut, and pancreas are apparently so robust, that they can be recapitulated in vitro , allowing for advanced quantification and manipulation (Little 2017) . The case of pancreatic organoids is interesting as it illustrates an increase of morphological complexity from spheres to folds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Tool Bridging Cell Polarities with Development of Robust Morphologies

Nissen

Rønhild

Trusina

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Despite continual renewal and damages, a multicellular organism is able to maintain its complex morphology. How is this stability compatible with the complexity and diversity of living forms? Looking for answers at protein level may be limiting as diverging protein sequences can result in similar morphologies. Inspired by the progressive role of apicalbasal and planar cell polarity in development, we propose that stability, complexity, and diversity are emergent properties in populations of proliferating polarized cells. We support our hypothesis by a theoretical approach, developed to effectively capture both types of polar cell adhesions. When applied to specific cases of development -gastrulation and the origins of folds and tubes -our theory makes experimentally testable predictions pointing to the strength of polar adhesion, initial and boundary orientation of cell polarities, and the rate of cell proliferation to be major determinants of morphological diversity and stability.

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Organoids: a Special Issue

Abstract: Summary: This Editorial provides an overview of the entire contents of the Special Issue, highlighting some of the important findings and major themes therein.

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

Theoretical tool bridging cell polarities with development of robust morphologies

Theoretical tool bridging cell polarities with development of robust morphologies

The endoderm from a diverse perspective

Theoretical Tool Bridging Cell Polarities with Development of Robust Morphologies

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