Organolead Compounds

Cleuvenbergen, R. J. A. Van; Adams, F.

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-46211-8_3

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 174 publications

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“…Generally the ethyllead species are much more sensitive to photochemical degradation than the similar methyllead products (1). As this holds true for both the analytes of the rainwater survey and their precursor TAL compounds in the atmosphere, it seemed interesting to explore possible effects of meteorological conditions such as the daily amount of sunshine on the ionic alkyllead deposition.…”

Section: Meteorological Conditions During the Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation of the ionic alkyllead species composition of rainwater

Cleuvenbergen¹,

Adams²

1992

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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A comprehensive long-term survey of the concentration levels of ionic alkyllead species in rainwater at a residential location was carried out, relying on a funnel-in-bottle sampler and a well-assessed analytical procedure based on extraction, derivatization, and gas chromatography-atomic absorption spectrometry (GC-AAS). During the 1.5-year monitoring program (1986)(1987), the total dissolved ionic alkyllead content of the samples never exceeded 230 ng L-l Pb and averaged 45 ng L-l Pb. The relative concentrations of the four major species PbMe3+, PbMe22+, PbEt3+, and PbEtz2+ corresponded roughly to 4:1:2:2; the mixed methylethyllead species contributed only marginally. From the measurements, the local annual wet deposition of ionic alkyllead could be estimated at -32 pg m-2 year-l Pb. Interestingly, a seasonal variation characterized by lower concentrations in summer, which probably reflect a higher photochemical degradation rate in the atmosphere, was observed; the ethyllead species most clearly underwent this fluctuation. The results are discussed within the framework of previous studies, at this and other locations, of organolead in wet atmospheric deposition.

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Section: Meteorological Conditions During the Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation of the ionic alkyllead species composition of rainwater

Cleuvenbergen¹,

Adams²

1992

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Also at location 4 (in the small inlet where a lot of motor-boats are usually stored) seawater contained a measurable quantity of ionic alkyllead compounds. Only trialkyllead compounds were detected, probably due to the superior persistence of this species in aqueous media (Van Cleuvenbergen and Adams, 1990). In seawater from harbour areas, in addition to ionic alkylleads, tetraalkyllead species could be also found, due to spillage of uncombusted gasoline (Neves et al, 1990).…”

Section: Seawatermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both inorganic lead, emitted on fine aerosol particles (<11J.111) which are settling very slowly and gaseous tetraalkyllead compounds can be dispersed at great distances from the source (Allen eta/., 1988). Under natural conditions trialkylleads are subjected to degradation processes by which ionic alkyllead compounds (triand dialkyllead) and finally inorganic lead are formed (Van Cleuvenbergen and Adams, 1990). The persistence of trialkyllead compounds in atmosphere (half-lives of 1.5 and 5 days for ethyl and methyl lead, respectively; Hewitt and Harrison, 1986) and in hydrosphere (half-lives of 1 and 10 days for methyl-and ethyllead, respectively, Radojevic and Harrison, 1987) is long enough to enable their cycling between and within these environmental compartments and even to permit their bioaccumulation in the aquatic food chain (Neves eta/., 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of total and organic lead in the Šibenik region (Eastern Adriatic)

Branica

1992

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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The distribution of inorganic and organic lead species in atmospheric and surface waters from the Sibenik area (central part of the Eastern Adriatic coast) was investigated. The concentration range of lead compounds in rainwater was 12,000 to 57,000 ng Pb L-1 for total lead, and 10 to 96 ng Pb L-1 for ionic alkyllead compounds (mostly in the form of trialkyl derivatives). In seawater, trialkyllead compounds were detected in concentration from <0.5 to 12.5 ng Pb-1 L, which represented 0.5 to 6.8% of the total lead. These results were compared with data obtained elsewhere, and the influence of lead compounds emitted from leaded gasoline (from automobiles and gasoline stations) on the adjacent water body is elucidated.

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“…Although the use of leaded gasoline (petrol) is being increasingly discontinued in many countries, the use of tetraalkyl-lead compounds as antiknock agents remains the largest application of organolead compounds 1 and, owing to the ubiquity of lead and concern over the toxicity of organolead compounds in the environment, 2 the monitoring of lead species will need to be continued over the next decade. Vehicular emissions of tetraalkyl-lead are subject to atmospheric breakdown to trialkyland dialkyl-lead and all three forms are scavenged from the atmosphere by rainfall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Certification of trimethyl-lead in an urban dust reference material (CRM 605)

Quevauviller

Ebdon

Harrison

et al. 1999

Appl. Organometal. Chem.

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In order to control the quality of trimethyl‐lead determination in urban dust, the Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme (formerly BCR) of the European Commission organized interlaboratory studies of which the final aim was to certify a Reference Material. This paper describes the preparation of an urban dust reference material (CRM 605), the homogeneity and stability studies, and the analytical work performed for the certification of the trimethyl‐lead content (7.9 ± 1.2 μg kg−1 by mass). Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Organolead Compounds

Cited by 11 publications

References 174 publications

Seasonal variation of the ionic alkyllead species composition of rainwater

Seasonal variation of the ionic alkyllead species composition of rainwater

Distribution of total and organic lead in the Šibenik region (Eastern Adriatic)

Certification of trimethyl-lead in an urban dust reference material (CRM 605)

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