This chapter describes recent advances in metal-catalyzed C-P bond formation, which may be classified into two types of reactions. In hydrophosphination and related processes, P-H groups add across unsaturated C-X (X ¼ C, N, O) bonds. Phosphination of electrophiles typically results in substitution at sp 2 or sp 3 carbon; the P-H group is removed, often by a base. The scope of both nucleophilic and electrophilic partners in these processes is surveyed, and the proposed mechanisms and intermediates in the metal-catalyzed reactions are described.