Organometallic Compounds in the Environment

Thayer, John S.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-686080-1.50015-2

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…This is despite the extensive usage of tributyl-(and triphenyl-) tins as antifungal agents to prevent growth and spoilage of certain crops and natural and synthetic surfaces, e.g. wood, metal, plaster and stone (Thayer 1984;Cooney and Wuertz 1989). Although there is some evidence for degradation of TBTO by fungal culture filtrates (Orsler and Holland 1982), there is little detailed information available on this and other possible mechanisms of resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organotin compounds are extensively used in a variety of industrial processes and their increasing discharge into the environment is a topic of current concern (Thayer 1988;Gadd 1990a). While inorganic forms of tin are of relatively low toxicity, the more lipid-soluble organotins can be highly toxic to microorganisms and other life forms (Thayer 1984;Cooney and Wuertz 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While inorganic forms of tin are of relatively low toxicity, the more lipid-soluble organotins can be highly toxic to microorganisms and other life forms (Thayer 1984;Cooney and Wuertz 1989). Generally, trisubstituted (R3SnX) organotins are more toxic than di-(R2SnX2) and monosubstituted (RSnX3) compounds, the anion (X) being considered to * Present address: Glaxo Group Research, Park Road, Ware, Herts, UK Offprint requests to: G. M. Gadd have little influence on toxicity (Blunden and Chapman 1986;Cooney 1988a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, trisubstituted (R3SnX) organotins are more toxic than di-(R2SnX2) and monosubstituted (RSnX3) compounds, the anion (X) being considered to * Present address: Glaxo Group Research, Park Road, Ware, Herts, UK Offprint requests to: G. M. Gadd have little influence on toxicity (Blunden and Chapman 1986;Cooney 1988a). The high biocidal activity of trisubstituted organotins such as tributyltin chloride (TBTC) or tributyltin oxide (TBTO) has lead to their extensive biocidal use as wood and fabric preservatives and as components of antifouling paints (Thayer 1984(Thayer , 1988Cooney and Wuertz 1989). However, as with other potentially toxic metal compounds (Gadd and Griffiths 1978;Gadd 1990b), many microorganisms may exhibit organotin resistance (Cooney 1988a, b;Cooney and Wuertz 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of melanin in fungal biosorption of tributyltin chloride

Gadd

Gray

Newby

1990

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Intact biomass of an albino and a melanic strain of Aureobasidium pullulans, as well as purified melanin from the latter strain, was capable of tributyltin chloride (TBTC) removal from solution. Melanized biomass had a greater biosorptive capacity than albino biomass, this difference being attributable to the presence of melanin. Purified melanin had a large capacity for TBTC biosorption, the calculated maximum uptake capacity, qe, being approximately 35 mmol (g dry wt) -1. TBTC biosorption by intact biomass and melanin obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm over the concentration range used, and was relatively unaffected by external pH between pH 3.5 and 6.5: an approximate 20% decrease in TBTC biosorption resulted at external pH 2.5. A TBTC concentration of 0.3 ~tM in growth medium resulted in a lag period which was longer with the albino strain (approximately 50 h) than with the pigmented strain (approximately 25 h). The addition of melanin to TBTC-containing growth media resulted in a reduction in toxicity and attainment of higher cell yields. The applied and environmental significance of these interactions are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Role of melanin in fungal biosorption of tributyltin chloride

Gadd

Gray

Newby

1990

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…External bacterial contamination and microbial activity present in the sample could combine to degrade existing macromolecules. Chemical transformations such as methylation, cleavage of the carbon-metal bond, and reduction of the metal have occurred in the presence of micro-organisms (Thayer and Brinkman, 1984;Thayer, 1984;Krishnamurthy, 1992) as shown by the following equations:…”

Section: Effects Of Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation of Metals and Metalloids in Biological Systems

Gardiner¹

2002

Chemical Speciation in the Environment

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Methylation: Its role in the environmental mobility of heavy elements

Thayer

1989

Applied Organom Chemis

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Formation of bonds between methyl groups and heavy elements (metals or metalloids) alters various physical properties such as solubility or volatility. This alteration enhances the mobility of the heavy metal and can play a major role in the environmental cycles for these elements. Environmental methylation has been established as a major factor in the environmental movement of mercury and arsenic, and very probably affects other elements similarly. Two methylating agents (methylcobalamin and methyl iodide) have been found to mobilize metals out of water-insoluble compounds andlor anoxic sediments. These two compounds react with quite different substrates, but the kinetics of the resulting dissolutions follow virtually identical patterns. These reactions proceed through formation of a methylated intermediate on the substrate surface, followed by movement of the heavy element out of the solid lattice into the surrounding solution.

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Organometallic Compounds in the Environment

Cited by 8 publications

References 154 publications

Role of melanin in fungal biosorption of tributyltin chloride

Role of melanin in fungal biosorption of tributyltin chloride

Speciation of Metals and Metalloids in Biological Systems

Methylation: Its role in the environmental mobility of heavy elements

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