Organophilic Clay-Base Thickeners

Jordan, John W.

doi:10.1346/ccmn.1961.0100125

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…OMt also plays an important role in petroleum industry, which affects our daily life everywhere today. Jordan (1963) reported OMt as the thicker in organic solvents. (Table 1).…”

Section: Rheological Properties Of Omt In Oil-based Drilling Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organoclays used as colloidal and rheological additives in oil-based drilling fluids: An overview

Zhuang

Zhang

Jaber

2019

Applied Clay Science

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The objective of this paper is to give an overview of the synthesis, properties of different organoclays, including organo-montmorillonite, organo-sepiolite and organo-palygorskite, and their use as rheological additives in oil-based drilling fluids. The researches performed until the present moment are described and summarized. A significant amount of work had been done in this area, including the rheological behavior at normal and high temperature, the structure changes of organoclays in oil-based system, thermal stability and the rheological mechanisms. The role of layered and fibrous organoclays in oil-based drilling fluids in the enhancement of the rheological properties and thermal stability is deeply reviewed.

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“…OMt also plays an important role in petroleum industry, which affects our daily life everywhere today. Jordan (1963) reported OMt as the thicker in organic solvents. (Table 1).…”

Section: Rheological Properties Of Omt In Oil-based Drilling Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organoclays used as colloidal and rheological additives in oil-based drilling fluids: An overview

Zhuang

Zhang

Jaber

2019

Applied Clay Science

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“…To make the mineral and organic phases mutually compatible, it is often necessary to render the clay surface organophilic prior to blending or compounding the filler with the polymer. This can be done by attaching a suitable organic compound to the filler surface (Helmet et al, 1976), by exchanging the inorganic cations with organic counterparts (Jordan, 1963;Nahin, 1963), or by treating the mineral with organosilanes (Libby et al, 1967). The most effective ways of achieving compatibility are to graft a suitable polymer onto the filler surface (Kaas and Gardlund, 1976) and/or to encapsulate the mineral particles with a polymer layer (Hawthorne et al, 1974).…”

Section: Practical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clay-Polymer Interactions: Summary and Perspectives

Theng¹

1982

Clays and clay miner.

392

193

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Abstract--The adsorption of uncharged polymers by clays is largely "entropy-driven." Polymer conformation changes from a random coil in solution to an extended form at the surface in which adsorbed polymer segments or trains alternate with loops and tails extending away from the surface. Although the net interaction energy, e, per segment-surface contact is small (--1 kT unit), the total energy of adsorption is large because the fraction of train segments, p, is commonly between 0.3 and 0.5. The adsorption isotherms are typically of the high-affinity type, and there is an apparent lack of desorption on dilution. Positively charged polymers (polycations) are adsorbed largely through electrostatic interactions between the cationic groups of the polymer and the negatively charged sites at the clay surface. Here e >> 1 kT unit and p > 0.7, leading to an almost complete collapse of the polymer chain onto the surface. Indeed, beyond a given level of adsorption charge reversal can occur in that the clay-polycation system effectively behaves as an anion exchanger. Little adsorption occurs with negatively charged polymers (polyanions) due to initial charge repulsion between the polymer and the clay surface. Acid pH, a high ionic strength, and the presence of polyvalent cations in the system enhance and promote polyanion adsorption. Uncharged polymers and polycations can enter the interlayer space of expanding 2:1 type layer silicates but polyanions generally fail to intercalate.The interactions of clays with biopolymers, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides, can be rationalized in similar terms. When intercalation occurs, the interlayer biopolymer is further stabilized against microbial (enzymatic) degradation giving rise to practical applications of clay-polymer complexes as flocculants and soil conditioners. Polyanions are effective as flocculants because of their large "grappling distance," whereas uncharged polymers are better suited as soil conditioners because they can spread over adjacent clay/soil particle surfaces like a coat of paint.

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“…Either unmodified or modified clays have been mostly chemically modified for various industrial applications such as rheological additives, as thickeners in coating products, glues, platisols, drilling fluids, cosmetics (Bergaya et al, 2006;Jordan, 1963;Lagaly, 1986a,b;Lagaly et al, 2006;Moraru, 2001) and for wastewater treatment (Beall, 2003, Beall andGoss, 2004). The new pesticide formulation using clay minerals can be used for potential applications such as removal of toxic compounds from environment and to reduce dispersion of pollutants in soil, air and water (Bergaya and Lagaly, 2001;El-Nahhal et al, 2001;El-Nahhal and Lagaly, 2005;Churchman et al, 2006;Nir et al, 2006;Zadaka et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%