Organophosphate-pyrethroid combination pesticides may be associated with increased toxicity in human poisoning compared to either pesticide alone

Iyyadurai, Ramya; Peter, John Victor; Immanuel, Sheela; Begum, Anwara; Zachariah, Anand; Jasmine, Sudha; Abhilash, Kundavaram Paul Prabhakar

doi:10.3109/15563650.2014.909933

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Other pesticide groups, such as the neonicotinoids have been associated with impaired neurodevelopment in animal models (Crosby et al. 2015), and combined exposure to OPs and pyrethroids have been associated with increased toxicity relative to exposure to a single pesticide (Iyyadurai et al. 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal, Seasonal, and Occupational Trends of Multiple Pesticides in House Dust

Bennett

Workman

Smith

et al. 2019

Environ Health Perspect

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Background: Children are especially vulnerable to pesticide exposure and can suffer lasting health effects. Because children of farmworkers are exposed to a variety of pesticides throughout development, it is important to explore temporal patterns of coexposures. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to characterize the pesticide co-exposures, determine how they change over time, and assess differences between farmworker and nonfarmworker households. Methods: Dust collected from 40 farmworker and 35 nonfarmworker households in the Yakima Valley of the State of Washington in 2005 and then again in 2011 was analyzed for 99 pesticides. Eighty-seven pesticides representing over 28 classes were detected. Pesticides were grouped into classes using U.S. EPA pesticide chemical classifications, and trends in concentrations were analyzed at the class level. Results: Levels of organophosphates, pyridazinones, and phenols significantly decreased between 2005 and 2011 in both farmworker and nonfarmworker households. Levels of anilides, 2,6-dinitroanilines, chlorophenols, triclosan, and guanidines significantly increased in both farmworker and nonfarmworker households in 2011 vs. 2005. Among farmworkers alone, there were significantly lower levels of N -methyl carbamates and neonicotinoids in 2011. Conclusions: We observed significant reductions in the concentrations of many pesticides over time in both farmworker and nonfarmworker households. Although nonfarmworker households generally had lower concentrations of pesticides, it is important to note that in comparison with NHANES participants, nonfarmworkers and their families still had significantly higher concentrations of urinary pesticide metabolites. This finding highlights the importance of detailed longitudinal exposure monitoring to capture changes in agricultural and residential pesticide use over time. This foundation provides an avenue to track longitudinal pesticide exposures in an intervention or regulatory context. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3644

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal, Seasonal, and Occupational Trends of Multiple Pesticides in House Dust

Bennett

Workman

Smith

et al. 2019

Environ Health Perspect

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“…observed patients with mixed poisoning to have shorter ventilator-free days than patients poisoned by either of pesticides alone. [ 3 ] Srinivasan et al . reported a case of prolonged and severe nature of delayed peripheral neuropathy in a young lady persisting at 2 years following low-dose ingestion of a mixed pesticide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organophosphate–pyrethroid combined poisoning may be associated with prolonged cholinergic symptoms compared to either poison alone

2018

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“…The current paradigm for the risk assessment of chemical substance focuses on the effects of individual substances for determining the doses of toxicological concern to inform appropriately for regulatory reasons. Concerns about potential toxicity from multiple chemical (combination pesticide) exposure are rising [ 6 ]. Farmers are at risk of exposure of combination pesticides through dermal contact and inhalation while mixing, loading, spraying, and cleaning up of spraying equipment [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute oral toxicity of pesticide combination (acephate 50% and imidacloprid 1.8% as active ingredients) in Sprague-Dawley rats

Palkhade¹,

Yadav²,

Mishra³

et al. 2018

Vet World

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Aim:The aim of this study was to assess the acute toxic interaction and lethal dose (LD50) of pesticide combination product (acephate 50% and imidacloprid 1.8% as active ingredients) available in the market in Sprague-Dawley female rats by oral route.Materials and Methods:A total of 10 Sprague-Dawley female rats were divided into two groups, comprising five rats in each dose group. Both groups were identified as control and test groups, respectively. Control group received sterile water as vehicle and test group received pesticide combination (acephate 50% and imidacloprid 1.8% as active ingredients) at a dose of 0 and 2000 mg/kg body weight. As per the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Guideline 420, initially one animal each from both the control and test groups were dosed with 0 and 2000 mg/kg, respectively, as sighting study. Based on the results of sighting study, additionally, four animals each from both groups were dosed with the same dose to make a total of five animals in each group. Dose volume was constant as 10 mL/kg. All animals were observed daily twice for clinical signs and mortality. Body weight was recorded on day 0 and weekly thereafter during 14 days’ observation period; last body weight (fasted) was recorded on day 15. All the rats of both the groups were humanely sacrificed on day 15 for gross pathology, collection of organs for histopathology, organ weighing, and morphometry. Organ weights were taken as absolute values, and relative organ weights to last fasted body weights were calculated.Results:Pesticide combination (acephate 50% and imidacloprid 1.8% as active ingredients) treated rats showed cholinergic signs with one mortality in the test group. No significant difference was observed in body weight, relative organ weights, and organ morphometry between pesticide combination exposed and non-exposed groups. Gross pathology of the treated rats was also comparable with respect to control group. Histopathological changes in the liver, kidneys, heart, lung, adrenaline, spleen, and ovaries of test group rats were found to be comparable with control group rats.Conclusion:The present study demonstrated the LD50 of one of the combination products available in the market having acephate 50% and imidacloprid 1.8% as active ingredients in Sprague-Dawley female rats which is >2000 mg/kg body weight. Furthermore, gross, histopathology and histoarchitectural alterations of all the vital organs of the test group were comparable to the control.

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Organophosphate-pyrethroid combination pesticides may be associated with increased toxicity in human poisoning compared to either pesticide alone

Cited by 35 publications

References 10 publications

Longitudinal, Seasonal, and Occupational Trends of Multiple Pesticides in House Dust

Longitudinal, Seasonal, and Occupational Trends of Multiple Pesticides in House Dust

Organophosphate–pyrethroid combined poisoning may be associated with prolonged cholinergic symptoms compared to either poison alone

Acute oral toxicity of pesticide combination (acephate 50% and imidacloprid 1.8% as active ingredients) in Sprague-Dawley rats

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