Organophosphonate Utilization by the Thermophile
            <i>Geobacillus caldoxylosilyticus</i>
            T20

Obojska, Agnieszka; Ternan, Nigel G.; Lejczak, Barbara; Kafarski, Paweł; McMullan, Geoffrey

doi:10.1128/aem.68.4.2081-2084.2002

Cited by 90 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Additionally, glyphosate utilization occurred only under conditions of P i deprivation. The authors of that study concluded that AMPA formed intracellularly from glyphosate is catabolized by C-P lyase and that AMPA cannot be taken up by the cells (113). Although this organism obviously oxidizes glyphosate, the origin of the P i extraction capability remains unclear.…”

Section: Glyphosate-utilizing Species and Strains Without Assignment mentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Glyphosate as Phosphate Source: Biochemistry and Genetics of Bacterial Carbon-Phosphorus Lyase

Hove‐Jensen

Zechel

Jochimsen

2014

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

185

157

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SUMMARY After several decades of use of glyphosate, the active ingredient in weed killers such as Roundup, in fields, forests, and gardens, the biochemical pathway of transformation of glyphosate phosphorus to a useful phosphorus source for microorganisms has been disclosed. Glyphosate is a member of a large group of chemicals, phosphonic acids or phosphonates, which are characterized by a carbon-phosphorus bond. This is in contrast to the general phosphorus compounds utilized and metabolized by microorganisms. Here phosphorus is found as phosphoric acid or phosphate ion, phosphoric acid esters, or phosphoric acid anhydrides. The latter compounds contain phosphorus that is bound only to oxygen. Hydrolytic, oxidative, and radical-based mechanisms for carbon-phosphorus bond cleavage have been described. This review deals with the radical-based mechanism employed by the carbon-phosphorus lyase of the carbon-phosphorus lyase pathway, which involves reactions for activation of phosphonate, carbon-phosphorus bond cleavage, and further chemical transformation before a useful phosphate ion is generated in a series of seven or eight enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The phn genes, encoding the enzymes for this pathway, are widespread among bacterial species. The processes are described with emphasis on glyphosate as a substrate. Additionally, the catabolism of glyphosate is intimately connected with that of aminomethylphosphonate, which is also treated in this review. Results of physiological and genetic analyses are combined with those of bioinformatics analyses.

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Section: Glyphosate-utilizing Species and Strains Without Assignment mentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Glyphosate as Phosphate Source: Biochemistry and Genetics of Bacterial Carbon-Phosphorus Lyase

Hove‐Jensen

Zechel

Jochimsen

2014

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

185

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…As Gram-positive thermophiles, these organisms have considerable potential for applications in biotechnology and bioremediation (Obojska et al, 2002;Peng et al, 2003). Their roles in natural and artificial thermal biotypes as well as in temperate soil environments are also of interest (Marchant et al, 2002;McMullan et al, 2004).…”

Section: Implications For Geobacillus Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a recN sequence similarity analysis to the identification of species within the bacterial genus Geobacillus

Zeigler

2005

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Full-length recN and 16S rRNA gene sequences were determined for a collection of 68 strains from the thermophilic Gram-positive genus Geobacillus, members of which have been isolated from geographically and ecologically diverse locations. Phylogenetic treeing methods clustered the isolates into nine sequence similarity groups, regardless of which gene was used for analysis. Several of these groups corresponded unambiguously to known Geobacillus species, whereas others contained two or more type strains from species with validly published names, highlighting a need for a re-assessment of the taxonomy for this genus. For taxonomic analysis of bacteria related at a genus, species or subspecies level, recN sequence comparisons had a resolving power nearly an order or magnitude greater than 16S rRNA gene comparisons. Mutational saturation rendered recN comparisons much less powerful than 16S rRNA gene comparisons for analysis of higher taxa, however. Analysis of recN sequences should prove a powerful tool for assigning strains to species within Geobacillus, and perhaps within other genera as well.

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“…Depending on the strain, the temperature range for growth can extend as low as 35 u C or as high as 80 u C. But for most isolates, temperatures between about 45 and 70 u C are required (Nazina et al, 2001). These characteristics make Geobacillus bacteria (geobacilli) attractive to the biotechnology industry as sources of thermostable enzymes (de Champdoré et al, 2007; Karagüler et al, 2007), as platforms for biofuel production (Cripps et al, 2009;Taylor et al, 2009) and as potential components of bioremediation strategies (Markossian et al, 2000;Obojska et al, 2002;Perfumo et al, 2007). Obligate thermophiles, however, face a significant challenge outside the lab: they must survive on a planet with an average annual land surface temperature that has only ranged between 7 and 10 uC over the past three centuries (Rohde et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introduction: An Environmental Enigmamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Geobacillus paradox: why is a thermophilic bacterial genus so prevalent on a mesophilic planet?

2014

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The genus Geobacillus comprises endospore-forming obligate thermophiles. These bacteria have been isolated from cool soils and even cold ocean sediments in anomalously high numbers, given that the ambient temperatures are significantly below their minimum requirement for growth. Geobacilli are active in environments such as hot plant composts, however, and examination of their genome sequences reveals that they are endowed with a battery of sensors, transporters and enzymes dedicated to hydrolysing plant polysaccharides. Although they appear to be relatively minor members of the plant biomass-degrading microbial community, Geobacillus bacteria have achieved a significant population with a worldwide distribution, probably in large part due to adaptive features of their spores. First, their morphology and resistance properties enable them to be mobilized in the atmosphere and transported long distances. Second, their longevity, which in theory may be extreme, enables them to lie quiescent but viable for long periods of time, accumulating gradually over time to achieve surprisingly high population densities. Introduction: an environmental enigmaGeobacillus bacteria are rod-shaped, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming microbes. Depending on the strain, the temperature range for growth can extend as low as 35 u C or as high as 80 u C. But for most isolates, temperatures between about 45 and 70 u C are required (Nazina et al., 2001). These characteristics make Geobacillus bacteria (geobacilli) attractive to the biotechnology industry as sources of thermostable enzymes (de Champdoré et al., 2007; Karagüler et al., 2007), as platforms for biofuel production (Cripps et al., 2009;Taylor et al., 2009) and as potential components of bioremediation strategies (Markossian et al., 2000;Obojska et al., 2002;Perfumo et al., 2007). Obligate thermophiles, however, face a significant challenge outside the lab: they must survive on a planet with an average annual land surface temperature that has only ranged between 7 and 10 uC over the past three centuries (Rohde et al., 2013). It would be logical to assume, then, that Geobacillus would only be found in substantial numbers in the warmest regions of the planet, such as equatorial deserts or naturally occurring geothermal and hydrothermal hotspots. The truth, however, is rather more complicated.As Fig. 1 illustrates, people have been able to detect Geobacillus nearly everywhere they have thought to look. (This figure is based on a survey of 146 mostly recent references describing the isolation of Geobacillus in natural or human-made environments; for full details, see Table S1, available in Microbiology Online.) One can see at a glance that these bacteria have been isolated from sources on all seven continents as well as the Pacific Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. What may not be obvious from a twodimensional map is that there has been much diversity in the third dimension as well. Geobacillus has been isolated from the Bolivian Andes at an altitude of 3653 m (Ma...

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Organophosphonate Utilization by the Thermophile Geobacillus caldoxylosilyticus T20

Cited by 90 publications

References 27 publications

Utilization of Glyphosate as Phosphate Source: Biochemistry and Genetics of Bacterial Carbon-Phosphorus Lyase

Utilization of Glyphosate as Phosphate Source: Biochemistry and Genetics of Bacterial Carbon-Phosphorus Lyase

Application of a recN sequence similarity analysis to the identification of species within the bacterial genus Geobacillus

The Geobacillus paradox: why is a thermophilic bacterial genus so prevalent on a mesophilic planet?

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