Organophosphorous extractants for metals

Yudaev, Pavel; Kolpinskaya, Natalya; Chistyakov, Evgeniy M.

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2021.105558

Cited by 45 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…Ionic liquids have high sensitivity and selectivity towards many types of analytes, which is due to different mechanisms of interaction, including electrostatic, hydrophobic-hydrophilic, dipole-dipole, and π-π interactions, ion exchange, and hydrogen bonding [4][5][6][7]. Therefore, ILs are being used more and more often in solvent extraction processes related to metal recovery [8][9][10][11][12]. ILs serve as selective extractants for heavy, rare earth, alkali, noble, and radioactive metals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquids as Components of Systems for Metal Extraction

Yudaev

Chistyakov

2022

ChemEngineering

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This review addresses research and development on the use of ionic liquids as extractants and diluents in the solvent extraction of metals. Primary attention is given to the efficiency and selectivity of metal extraction from industrial wastewater with ionic liquids composed of various cations and anions. The review covers literature sources published in the period of 2010–2021. The bibliography includes 98 references dedicated to research on the extraction and separation of lanthanides (17 sources), actinides (5 sources), heavy metals (35 sources), noble metals, including the platinum group (16 sources), and some other metals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquids as Components of Systems for Metal Extraction

Yudaev

Chistyakov

2022

ChemEngineering

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“…It is recalled that trialkylphosphates are widely used alkylating agents that may be applied as solvents and extractants for a series of metal ions from wastes and organic acids from aqueous solutions. [39][40][41][42] The novel P-chloride-free, two-step synthetic procedure elaborated is suitable for the conversion of mixtures of the corresponding monoalkylphosphate (1a-d) and dialkylphosphate (2a-d), obtained from P 2 O 5 and ROH, into the appropriate trialkylphosphates (3a-d). The first step is a MW-assisted, ionic liquid-catalyzed, selective direct esterification of monoalkyl esters 1a-d with primary alcohols at 175-220 °C, leading to the dialkyl species 2a-d.…”

Section: Paper Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

P-Chloride-Free Synthesis of Phosphoric Esters: Microwave-Assisted Esterification of Alkyl- and Dialkyl Phosphoric Ester-Acids Obtained from Phosphorus Pentoxide

Harsági¹,

Kiss²,

Keglevich³

2022

Synthesis

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It is a reasonable endeavour to replace P-chloride starting materials (e.g. POCl3) by greener and cheaper reagents. Our purpose was to start from phosphorus pentoxide, i.e. to utilize its reaction with alcohols in the preparation of (HO)2P(O)(OR) and HOP(O)(OR)2, and to convert the mixtures of the corresponding monoester and diester so obtained to the target trialkyl esters. Separate experiments showed that the monobutylphosphate undergo microwave (MW)-assisted esterification with butanol in the presence of [bmim][BF4] catalyst at 200 °C to afford dibutylphosphate in a selective manner (~95%) that, in turn, may be converted to tributylphosphate by alkylation under MW irradiation. In this way, the mixtures of (HO)2P(O)(OR) and HOP(O)(OR)2 obtained by the practical reaction of phosphorus pentoxide and alcohol (ROH) could also be converted in two additional steps to the corresponding trialkyl esters. The three-step synthesis of trialkylphosphates starting from phosphorus pentoxide was also transformed in a one-pot (step 1: preparation of the monoester diester mixture, step 2: diesterification) and telescoping (step 3: triesterification) variation avoiding the isolation and purification of the intermediates, and affording the triesters in 86-93% yields. The three- and two-step P-chloride-free methods developed are “green” and of more general value.

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“…Many factors, such as the selectivity and loading capacity of extractants, number of extraction, scrubbing, and stripping cycles, and back-extraction of the extracted metal, affect the efficiency of the extraction process, but in a simplified picture, it is the coordination affinity of the extractant towards metal ions that determines the extraction degree and separation of metal ions into different fractions [ 2 , 3 ]. Because the coordination affinity is dictated by the molecular structure of the extractant, a plethora of different organophosphorus extractants have been developed and investigated for the separation of REs by now [ 1 , 4 , 5 ]. Apart from solvent extraction, organophosphorus compounds have also been utilized in other separation methods to recover and separate REs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

α-Aminophosphonates, -Phosphinates, and -Phosphine Oxides as Extraction and Precipitation Agents for Rare Earth Metals, Thorium, and Uranium: A Review

Virtanen

Moilanen

2022

Molecules

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α-Aminophosphonates, -phosphinates, and -phosphine oxides are a group of organophosphorus compounds that were investigated as extraction agents for rare earth (RE) metals and actinoids for the first time in the 1960s. However, more systematic investigations of their extraction properties towards REs and actinoids were not started until the 2010s. Indeed, recent studies have shown that these α-amino-functionalized compounds can outperform the commercial organophosphorus extraction agents in RE separations. They have also proven to be very efficient extraction and precipitation agents for recovering Th and U from RE concentrates. These actinoids coexist with REs in some of the commercially important RE-containing minerals. The efficient separation and purification of REs is becoming more and more important every year as these elements have a pivotal role in many existing technologies. If one also considers the facile synthesis of α-amino-functionalized organophosphorus extractants and precipitation agents, it is expected that they will be increasingly utilized in the extraction chemistry of REs and actinoids in the future. This review collates α-aminophosphonates, -phosphinates, and -phosphine oxides that have been utilized in the separation chemistry of REs and actinoids, including their most relevant synthetic routes and molecular properties. Their extraction and precipitation properties towards REs and actinoids are also discussed.

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Organophosphorous extractants for metals

Cited by 45 publications

References 156 publications

Ionic Liquids as Components of Systems for Metal Extraction

Ionic Liquids as Components of Systems for Metal Extraction

P-Chloride-Free Synthesis of Phosphoric Esters: Microwave-Assisted Esterification of Alkyl- and Dialkyl Phosphoric Ester-Acids Obtained from Phosphorus Pentoxide

α-Aminophosphonates, -Phosphinates, and -Phosphine Oxides as Extraction and Precipitation Agents for Rare Earth Metals, Thorium, and Uranium: A Review

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