Organophosphorus and Carbamate Pesticide Residues Detected in Water Samples Collected from Paddy and Vegetable Fields of the Savar and Dhamrai Upazilas in Bangladesh

Abstract

Several types of organophosphorous and carbamate pesticides have been used extensively by the farmers in Bangladesh during the last few decades. Twenty seven water samples collected from both paddy and vegetable fields in the Savar and Dhamrai Upazilas in Bangladesh were analyzed to determine the occurrence and distribution of organo-phosphorus (chlorpyrifos, malathion and diazinon) and carbamate (carbaryl and carbofuran) pesticide residues. A high performance liquid chromatograph instrument equipped with a photodiode array detector was used to determine the concentrations of these pesticide residues. Diazinon and carbofuran were detected in water samples collected from Savar Upazila at 0.9 μg/L and 198.7 μg/L, respectively. Malathion was also detected in a single water sample at 105.2 μg/L from Dhamrai Upazila. Carbaryl was the most common pesticide detected in Dhamrai Upazila at 14.1 and 18.1 μg/L, while another water sample from Dhamrai Upazila was contaminated with carbofuran at 105.2 μg/L. Chlorpyrifos was not detected in any sample. Overall, the pesticide residues detected were well above the maximum acceptable levels of total and individual pesticide contamination, at 0.5 and 0.1 μg/L, respectively, in water samples recommended by the European Economic Community (Directive 98/83/EC). The presence of these pesticide residues may be attributed by their intense use by the farmers living in these areas. Proper handling of these pesticides should be ensured to avoid direct or indirect exposure to these pesticides.

Pesticide residues analysis in water samples of Nagarpur and Saturia Upazila, Bangladesh

“…Hasanuzzaman et al (2017) reported the presence of diazinon at the concentration of 31.497 μg/l in a water sample of Dhamrai Upazila, Bangladesh. Chowdhury et al (2012a) also reported the presence of diazinon at the concentration of 0.9 μg/l in Savar. Diazinon was reported at the concentration of 7.86 μg/l in the lake of Savar (Hossain et al 2014) and at the concentration of 0.027 μg/l in the paddy field of Manikganj (Bhattacharjee et al 2012).…”

“…Chowdhury et al (2012a) reported carbaryl in the water samples of Dhamrai Upazila from 14.1 to 18.1 μg/l. Carbaryl was also detected in the water samples of paddy field ranging from 0.055 to 0.163 μg/l in Rangpur (Chowdhury et al 2012b) and near of the vegetable fields of Savar Upazila ranging from 4.6 to 6.3 μg/l (Hossain et al 2014).…”

Effects of insecticides on aquatic ecosystems in Bangladesh

“…Almost similar results were reported in a previous study by Hossain et al (2015) in Bangladesh as they report a highest diazinon concentration of 7.86 µg/L in lake water. The highest concentrations of diazinon (9 µg/L) measured in this study was higher than the concentration range (0.0001-1.2 µg/L) reported for other sub-(tropical) countries (Leong et al, 2007;Carvalho et al, 2008;Nasrabadi et al, 2011;Rahmanikhah et al, 2011;Chowdhury et al, 2012b;Wee and Aris, 2017) and a Mediterranean country (Masiá et al, 2015).…”

“…Since organochlorine pesticides have been banned in Bangladesh in 1993 (Matin et al, 1998) due to their high toxicity, persistence, and ability to bioaccumulate and biomagnify in the food chain (Sankararamakrishnan et al, 2005;Sun et al, 2006;Teklu et al, 2016), the agricultural sectors have shifted towards organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) (Chowdhury et al, 2012b). In Bangladesh, an estimated 35% of the crop-producing area is sprayed with…”

“…The residues of OPPs in the surface water of different water bodies in Bangladesh including rivers, paddy fields and seasonal ponds, have hardly been monitored (Bhattacharjee et al, 2012;Chowdhury et al, 2012aChowdhury et al, , 2012bUddin et al, 2013;Ara et al, 2014;Hossain et al, 2015;Hasanuzzaman et al, 2017). The few available studies, however, did not quantify the residues of OPPs in sediments from aquatic systems and neither assessed pesticides risks for any of the environmental matrices.…”