Organophosphorus Pesticide Exposure of School Children in Agricultural Villages in Indonesia

Sekiyama, Makiko

doi:10.4172/2376-127x.1000153

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…According to the study in Ecuador, Suarez-Lopez et al [14] found AChE of 3.08 ± 0.51 U/ml among children (four to nine years old) living with flower plantation workers. Furthermore, AChE in our study was lower than the study among Indonesia children having age of seven to eight years (3.3 ± 0.5 U/ml) living in agricultural villages [35]. This may be explained by AChE level increasing linearly with the age of children [14].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Exposure of chlorpyrifos in toddlers living in an agricultural area in Sakon Nakhon province, North-East Thailand

Siriwat

Rohitrattana²,

Nganchamung

et al. 2019

JHR

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Purpose Children living in agricultural areas are exposed to pesticides in their living areas and through activities of daily living. These exposures may lead to adverse health effects. The purpose of this paper is to investigate household environmental and behavioural factors associated with chlorpyrifos exposure and resultant adverse health effects in children living in an agricultural community. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study was conducted including 65 toddlers (age of 12–36 months) and their parents were face-to-face interviewed from January to February 2016. Toddler’s hands and feet, toys and floors were wiped for chlorpyrifos residue analysis. The wipes were extracted and analysed by gas chromatography with a flame photometric detector, and blood cholinesterase activity was measured by the EQM Test-mate (model 400). Findings The average age (± standard deviation) of children was 19.9 (±5.9) months. Chlorpyrifos detections were 61.5 per cent (hands), 57.1 per cent (toys), 53.8 per cent (floors) and 30.8 per cent (feet). The highest chlorpyrifos residue concentration was detected on toy surface (3.022 µg/m2). Chlorpyrifos residues on hands and feet were positively correlated with concentrations on floors and toys (Spearman’s ρ, p<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that more frequent hand washing (β=−0.236, p=0.067) and showering (β=−0.240, p=0.056) was negatively associated with chlorpyrifos residue on children’s body. House cleaning frequency was significantly associated with an increase in haemoglobin-adjusted erythrocyte cholinesterase (β=0.251, p<0.05). Originality/value Chlorpyrifos exposures found in the children household area through their activities and behaviours can cause several adverse health effects. The circumstances associated with chlorpyrifos exposure should be mitigated and reduced to improve the household environment of children living agricultural areas.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Exposure of chlorpyrifos in toddlers living in an agricultural area in Sakon Nakhon province, North-East Thailand

Siriwat

Rohitrattana²,

Nganchamung

et al. 2019

JHR

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“…Spearman's correlations presented that chlorpyrifos concentrations on hands and feet were not significantly associated with blood cholinesterase activities, suggesting that exposure to chlorpyrifos in this study was not sufficiently severe enough to cause overt toxicity that could be detected by AChE. This is similar to a study by Sekiyama (2015) [97].…”

Section: Factors Associated With Blood Cholinesterase Activitiessupporting

confidence: 86%

“…However, no AChE standards exist for children [19]. [97]. This may be explained by AChE level increasing linearly with age of children [19].…”

Section: Blood Cholinesterase Activities Of Young Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health risk assessment related to pesticide exposures among young children : a case study in agricultural community, Sakon Nakhon province, Thailand

Siriwat

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Children living in agricultural areas are subject to pesticide exposures in their living areas and through their activities led to adverse health. The aim of this study is to assess the health risk and investigate the environmental and behavioural factors associated with pesticide exposure and resultant adverse health effects in young children living in an agricultural community. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 65 young children (age of 12-36 months). The parents were interviewed face-to-face. Childrens’ hands and feet, toys, and floors/wood beds were wiped for pesticide residue. Blood samples were collected and blood cholinesterase activity was measured. This study found that the average age of participants was 19.9±5.9 months. Percent of pesticide detections were highest on hands, toys, floors/wooden beds, and feet respectively. The highest pesticide concentration was detected on children’s toys. Pesticide concentrations on hands and feet were positively correlated to concentrations on floors and toys (Spearman’s rho=0.452-0.691, p<0.01). Using insecticide in houses were related to cypermethrin concentrations on children’s hands and feet (p<0.05). Blood cholinesterase levels among young children were lower than those in previous studies. Linear regression analysis revealed that more frequent hands/feet washing (β=-0.236, p=0.067) and showering (β=-0.240, p=0.056) was negatively associated with chlorpyrifos residue on childrens’ hands and feet. General symptoms (nausea, vomiting and anorexia) were significantly related to PChE (p<0.05). Health risk assessment of young children were not concerned from dermal exposure via children’s hands and feet from pesticide exposure to chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and permethrin, that the HI of young children were lower than the acceptable level (HI<1). Pesticide exposures can be found in the child’s residential environment as well as through their activities and behaviours. These exposures can cause several adverse health effects. The circumstances associated with pesticide exposure should be reduced to improve the environment of children living agricultural areas.

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“…Research on the level of pesticide residues in agricultural and food commodities as well as in the environment, including soil, water and organisms have been carried out [1][2][3][4][5], including efforts to detoxify. Since chemical pesticides or synthetic discovered and used by many farmers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge of Vegetables Farmers in the Use of Pesticides

2017

IJSR

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This study aims to determine the level of knowledge of vegetables farmers on the use of pesticides, and the frequency of the use of pesticides by farmers to vegetables plant in a planting season. The research was con-ducted in the district Tinggimoncong, Gowa regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The study was start from March to June 2015. This study used a survey method. Data were collected through observations, questionnaires and depth interviews with 100 vegetables farmers. Data were analyzed using the quantitative descriptive with cross-tabulation. The results showed that the majority of farmers still low has level of knowledge about the use of pesticides. Therefore, the input use of pesticides is still quite high. The frequency of the use of pesticides in each planting season is still quite high at 15 times to plant cauliflower, 9 times to plant potatoes, and 10 times for the cabbage.

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Organophosphorus Pesticide Exposure of School Children in Agricultural Villages in Indonesia

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Exposure of chlorpyrifos in toddlers living in an agricultural area in Sakon Nakhon province, North-East Thailand

Exposure of chlorpyrifos in toddlers living in an agricultural area in Sakon Nakhon province, North-East Thailand

Health risk assessment related to pesticide exposures among young children : a case study in agricultural community, Sakon Nakhon province, Thailand

Knowledge of Vegetables Farmers in the Use of Pesticides

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