Organotin polymers. IV. Binary and ternary copolymerizations of tributyltin acrylate and methacrylate with styrene, allyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile

Abstract

SynopsisThe monomer reactivity ratios for the copolymerization of tributyltin acrylate with styrene and allyl methacrylate have been found to be rl = 0.213, r2 = 1.910 and rl = 0.195, r2 = 2.257, respectively. Also, the copolymerization parameters of tributyltin methacrylate with styrene and allyl methacrylate were as follows: rl = 0.256, r2 = 1.104 and rl = 2.306, r2 = 1.013. Copolymerization reactions were carried out in solution at 7OoC using 1 mole % AIBN, and the copolymer compositions were determined by tin analysis. Ternary copolymerization of the three systems butyl methacrylate-tributyltin methacrylate-acrylonitrile, butyl acrylate-tributyltin methacrylate-acrylonitrile, and styrenetributyltin acrylate-acrylonitrile have been studied, and the terpolymer composition of each system was determined through tin and nitrogen analyses. The variation of instantaneous and average terpolymer composition with conversion fit satisfactorily the experimental results over a wide range of conversion.

Azeotropy in terpolymerizations

“…The prediction of the terpolymer composition requires the monomer reactivity ratios of the individual two‐component systems: BTA‐NMTP, BTA‐MA, BTA‐MMA, BTA‐AN, BTA‐ST and BTA‐NMTP. The copolymerization parameters determined in our previous work,6–9 for the binary systems, are given in Table 1. The relationship between composition of the feed and the composition of the resulting polymer is represented in the form of triangular plots.…”

“…Slocombe 17 proposed the representation of experimental points by arrows; the heads indicate the initial terpolymer composition and the tails a The values of r 12 , r 21 , r 13 , r 31 , r 23 and r 32 were determined in our previous work. 6 In the case of unitary azeotropy, the molar amount of one of the three monomers is the same in the terpolymer and in the monomer feed. The lines for unitary azeotropy give the composition of the monomer mixture leading to a terpolymer including, for any of the monomers, the same proportion as in the monomer feed.…”

“…Organotin polymers have been long used as pesticides, as wood preservatives, and in antifouling paint formulations 1–5. In our previous publications,6–9 the copolymerization parameters of tri‐n‐butyltin acrylate (BTA) or N ‐methacryloyloxytetrabromophthalimide (NMTP) with acrylic acid esters such as methyl acrylate (MA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), styrene (ST), acrylonitrile (AN) and N ‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone have been extensively studied. The addition of a third monomer(M 3 ) to the two comonomers in the copolymer can provide additional modification of the physical and mechanical properties for the practical utilization of these polymers.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Organotin Containing Copolymers: Reactivity Ratio Studies

“…The overall conversion in copolymerization [ 25 , 27 , 28 ] of monomers DBTM and DBTC with ST and BA was studied by taking a fixed number of moles (20 mmol), and composition of 20% mol of monomer DBTM or DBTC and 80% mol of ST and BA, in benzene with a total concentration of 2 mol/L at different time intervals. The overall conversion by weight (wt/wt%) was determined using Equation (1): …”

Laboratory and ships test of modern antifouling paint formulation

“…3 ). In previous studies in our laboratory (4)(5)(6)(7) , the copolymerization parameters of tri-n-butylester of acrylic and methacrylic acid with different vinyl mono mers have been illustrated. These values are expected to be very useful in selecting a suitable copolymer for obtaining antifouling coatings with optimum physical properties.…”