Orientation Control of Graphene Flakes by Magnetic Field: Broad Device Applications of Macroscopically Aligned Graphene

Lin, Feng; Zhu, Zhuan; Zhou, Xufeng; Qiu, Wenlan; Niu, Chao; Hu, Jonathan; Dahal, Keshab; Wang, Yanan; Zhao, Zhenhuan; Ren, Zhifeng; Litvinov, D.; Liu, Zhaoping; Wang, Zhiming M.; Bao, Jiming

doi:10.1002/adma.201604453

Cited by 89 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…To fabricate more ordered laminar structure with the minimal number of nonidealities (imperfect stacking, folding, and wrinkles), 2D nanosheets should be kept horizontally aligned when depositing over each other. Besides adjusting intersheet interactions, external forces such as centrifugal, shear, compressive, and even magnetic forces may be employed in this process . 3) Transporting Mechanism : It is obvious that most studies so far endeavor to explain the mass transporting behaviors in horizontal channels including interlayer capillaries and wrinkles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D Laminar Membranes for Selective Water and Ion Transport

Kang

Xia

Wang

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

256

148

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energy storage and conversion devices, [26][27][28] as outlined in recent reviews (Figure 1, left). [29] Behind these applications lie a fundamental question: how water and ion transport are controlled in the laminar structure to obtain desired selectivity. A comprehensive summary of structure-transport relation is thereby imperative to understand and optimize membrane selective performance, but is so far lacking. In such context, our review aims to fill this gap by discussing: 1) how 2D materials with specific physicochemical features are assembled into laminar membranes; 2) most importantly, how membrane structure, and its response to external impacts, can tune mass transport (herein, water and ions); 3) how these transport mechanisms translate into selectivity in applications, and into future design of high-performance laminar membranes. Unsolved problems and emerging challenges around these topics are then concluded. We note that the knowledge summarized here can also, at least partly, assist the understanding of the selective gas, liquid, and micromolecule transport through laminar membranes, which are gaining considerable attention as well. [30][31][32] Transition Metal Carbides and/or Nitrides (MXene): MXene nanosheets are etched and delaminated from parent bulk MAX to M n+1 X n T x (e.g., Ti 3 C 2 T x ), and have thus several atom sublayers. [39] While M and X are early transition metal

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D Laminar Membranes for Selective Water and Ion Transport

Kang

Xia

Wang

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

256

148

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“…Magnetic fields and strain. In recent studies, responding of graphene to external factors have been reported such as an alignment of graphene sheets under the external magnetic field 73 and generating the pseudo-magnetic field by strain engineering 66,68,71 . As mentioned above, graphene properties are affected by graphene forms (suspended and supported).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulating electronic structure of graphene for producing ferromagnetic graphene particles by Leidenfrost effect-based method

Alimohammadian

Sohrabi

2020

Sci Rep

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first isolation of graphene, as a great achievement, opens a new horizon in a broad range of science. Graphene is one of the most promising materials for spintronic fields whose application is limited due to its weak magnetic property. Despite many experimental and theoretical efforts for obtaining ferromagnetic graphene, still, a high degree of magnetization is an unsolved challenge. even, in most observations, graphene magnetization is reported at extremely low temperatures rather than room temperature. in principle, the magnetic property of graphene is created by manipulation of its electronic structure. Removing or adding bonds of graphene such as creating vacancy defects, doping, adatom, edges, and functionalization can change the electronic structure and the external perturbation, such as external magnetic field, temperature, and strain can either. Recently, single and few-layer graphene have been investigated in the presence of these perturbations, and also the electronic changes have been determined by Raman spectroscopy. Here, we successfully could develop a simple and novel Leidenfrost effect-based method for graphene magnetization at room temperature with the external perturbations which apply simultaneously in the graphene flakes inside the Leidenfrost droplets. Macroscale ferromagnetic graphene particles are produced by this method. Briefly, the graphene is obtained by the liquid-phase exfoliation method in the ethanol solution media and also evaporates on the hot surface as a Leidenfrost droplet in the magnetic fields. Then, the floated graphene flakes circulate inside the droplets. Due to the strain and temperature inside the droplets and external magnetic field (the magnet in heater-stirrer), the electronic structure of graphene is instantly changed. The changes are extremely rapid that the graphene flakes behave as a charged particle and also produce an internal magnetic field during their circulation. The internal magnetic field is measured by sensors. As the main accomplishment of this study, we could develop a simple method for inducing magnetism obtained 0.4 emu/g in the graphene, as magnetization saturation at room temperature, which is higher than the reported values. Another achievement of this work is the detection of the Leidenfrost droplets magnetic field, as an internal one which has obtained for the first time. To investigate magnetic graphene particles, the magnetization process, and the electronic structure of the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), magnetic field sensor, and Raman spectroscopy are used, respectively.Graphene as an ideal material have unique physical properties and extensive usages. The isolation of single-layer graphene in 2004 was a starting point for exploring its structure and properties 1 . For example, recent studies indicate that the monolayer graphene is optically transparent and can absorb ~2.3% of the visible light 2 , and also it is wetting-transparent to substrates such as copper, gold or silicon 3 . In both cases, transparency is reduced by increasing ...

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“…41 We use a volume magnetization of 8 Â 10 5 A/m in our simulation, so that the magnetic field is close to the experimental data of 0.3 T near the magnet. 22 Figures 2(a)-2(c) show the magnetic fields at 0.5 mm above the top surface of four interleaved magnets. The size of each magnet is 5 mm Â 5 mm Â 5 mm.…”

Section: Levitation Using Four Magnetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[16][17][18] These unique properties of individual nanostructures can be exploited for large-scale macroscopic functions when they are arranged in a specific macroscopic order. 22 Diamagnetic materials, such as graphene, create a magnetic field in a direction opposite to the externally applied magnetic field, leading to a repulsive magnetic force. [23][24][25][26] Orientation control and levitation of graphene flakes are feasible with a weak magnetic field due to their high volume magnetic susceptibilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[23][24][25][26] Orientation control and levitation of graphene flakes are feasible with a weak magnetic field due to their high volume magnetic susceptibilities. 22,[27][28][29] Previous research on magnetic levitation and orientation control of graphene has led to diverse applications. [28][29][30][31] It has been proposed that diamagnetism can be used to align graphene flakes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene levitation and orientation control using a magnetic field

Niu

Lin

Wang

et al. 2018

Journal of Applied Physics

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This paper studies graphene levitation and orientation control using a magnetic field. The torques in all three spatial directions induced by diamagnetic forces are used to predict stable conditions for different shapes of millimeter-sized graphite plates. We find that graphite plates, in regular polygon shapes with an even number of sides, will be levitated in a stable manner above four interleaved permanent magnets. In addition, the orientation of micrometer-sized graphene flakes near a permanent magnet is studied in both air and liquid environments. Using these analyses, we are able to simulate optical transmission and reflection on a writing board and thereby reveal potential applications using this technology for display screens. Understanding the control of graphene flake orientation will lead to the discovery of future applications using graphene flakes.

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Orientation Control of Graphene Flakes by Magnetic Field: Broad Device Applications of Macroscopically Aligned Graphene

Cited by 89 publications

References 32 publications

2D Laminar Membranes for Selective Water and Ion Transport

2D Laminar Membranes for Selective Water and Ion Transport

Manipulating electronic structure of graphene for producing ferromagnetic graphene particles by Leidenfrost effect-based method

Graphene levitation and orientation control using a magnetic field

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