Orientation dependent surface segregation of antimony on non‐oriented electrical steel sheet

Abstract

The surface segregation of antimony was studied using AES on a 1.8% Si steel alloyed with different mass contents of Sb (0.052 and 0.1 %). The dependence of surface segregation on grain orientation and on the presence of other solute atoms (S, P, C, Al, Si) were investigated under UHV conditions in the temperature range from 450 to 900 °C. The results lead to an explanation for the formation of a texture rich in (100)-grains in Si steel caused by the presence of Sb. Also grain boundaries were analysed by AES after annealing at 850, 700 and 550 °C for different times. Since the grain boundary segregation was negligible one can conclude that the texture formation results from orientation dependent surface segregation of Sb causing differences in surface energies and stabilities of different grains.Orlentierungsabhiinglge Oberflachensegregatlon von Antimon auf niclit orlentiertem Elektroblech. Die Oberflachensegregation von Antimon wurde mittels AES auf einem 1,8%Si-Stahl untersucht, der mil verschiedenen Massengehalten an Sb (0,052 und 0, 1 %) dotiert war. Abhangigkeiten der Segregation von den Orientierungen der Kornoberflachen und von der Anwesenheit anderer geloster Atome (S, P, C, Al, Si) wurden unter UHV-Bedingungen im Temperaturbereich von 450 bis 900 °C bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse !Ohren zu einer Erklarung der Bildung einer an (100)-Kornern reichen Textur bei Si-Stahlen , die durch die Dotierung mit .. Sb bewirkt wird. Auch Korngrenzen wurden mil AES analysiert, nachdem die Proben bei 850, 700 und 550 °C fur verschiedene Zeit ausgelagert warden waren. Da kaum Korngrenzensegregation feststellbar war, kann man daraus schlieBen, daB die Texturausbildung durch orientierungsabhangige Oberflachensegregation des Sb bedingt isl, die zu Unterschieden in den Oberflachenenergien und der Stabilitat der verschiedenen Korner !Ohrt.

Effect of Alloying Elements, Water Vapor Content, and Temperature on the Oxidation of Interstitial-Free Steels

“…This is in agreement with earlier work that proposed that the addition of Sb [32,33] and B [34] can suppress the internal oxidation of alloying elements due to their high segregation enthalpy. [35,36] Figure 15 shows the surface morphology for these four specimens; it can be seen that surface oxides appear to be more uniform on specimen 4, in which both B and Sb are present, and EDS results indicate that the ridges are rich in Mn, O, and P. Another important feature is that the grainboundary ridges are composed of coarse ridges and thin ridges. The outward flux of Mn can be related to the alloy grain-boundary character.…”

Investigation of the Effect of Alloying Elements and Water Vapor Contents on the Oxidation and Decarburization of Transformation-Induced Plasticity Steels

“…This was due to the formation of a texture rich in (100) grains in Si steels caused by the presence of Sb. [14,15] In addition, Sb is expected to suppress the decarburization of TRIP steels due to its high segregation tendency.…”

Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Electrical Steel

“…Alloying elements like silicon, aluminum, manganese and other microalloying elements such as antimony and tin content modification the magnetic properties. [12,13,16] Of the major alloying elements used for electrical steels, antimony and tin are particularly noted for their effects on texture. [13,14] Electrical steel was developed at the beginning of the 20th century.…”

“…[12,13,16] Of the major alloying elements used for electrical steels, antimony and tin are particularly noted for their effects on texture. [13,14] Electrical steel was developed at the beginning of the 20th century. Today is the preferred core material for a lot of transformers, motors, and generators.…”