Orientation of apatite in single osteon samples as studied by pole figures

Ascenzi, A.; Bonucci, E.; Generali, P.; Ripamonti, A.; Roveri, Norberto

doi:10.1007/bf02408064

Cited by 41 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Although a diversity of structural motifs exists between bone tissues at different microstructural length scales (26), the most common motif in bone is the lamellar unit (38, 39). As mentioned above, osteons (lamellar bone) have a lamellar structure with adjacent lamellae some 3-7 μm thick (40,41). Each of these lamellae consists of a series of fibril layers oriented at different angles of the osteon axis (Figure 1).…”

Section: Hierarchical Structure Of Bonementioning

confidence: 96%

On the Mechanistic Origins of Toughness in Bone

Launey

Buehler

Ritchie

2010

Annu. Rev. Mater. Res.

620

493

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One of the most intriguing protein materials found in nature is bone, a material composed of assemblies of tropocollagen molecules and tiny hydroxyapatite mineral crystals that form an extremely tough, yet lightweight, adaptive and multifunctional material. Bone has evolved to provide structural support to organisms, and therefore its mechanical properties are of great physiological relevance. In this article, we review the structure and properties of bone, focusing on mechanical deformation and fracture behavior from the perspective of the multidimensional hierarchical nature of its structure. In fact, bone derives its resistance to fracture with a multitude of deformation and toughening mechanisms at many size scales ranging from the nanoscale structure of its protein molecules to the macroscopic physiological scale.

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Section: Hierarchical Structure Of Bonementioning

confidence: 96%

On the Mechanistic Origins of Toughness in Bone

Launey

Buehler

Ritchie

2010

Annu. Rev. Mater. Res.

620

493

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“…Cortical bone mineral crystals in the bovine femur have been measured to have an overall preferred orientation of 8 -14 MRD (multiples of a random distribution) along the longitudinal bone axis. [23][24][25] Mechanical anisotropy in human cortical bone is largely due to alignment of bone mineral crystals 26 and has been characterized. 27,28 However, to date, virtually no work has been dedicated to producing synthetic biomaterials that match the mechanical anisotropy present in bone tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxyapatite whiskers provide improved mechanical properties in reinforced polymer composites

Roeder

Sproul

Turner

2003

J Biomedical Materials Res

136

111

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Synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) whiskers have been utilized as a new, biocompatible reinforcement for orthopedic biomaterials. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) was reinforced with either the synthesized HA whiskers or a commercially available spherical HA powder using a novel powder processing technique that facilitated uniform dispersion of the reinforcements in the matrix prior to compression molding. Composites were processed for up to 60 vol % HA whiskers and up to 50 vol % spherical HA. The mechanical properties of the new composite biomaterials were examined by uniaxial tensile tests. As expected, increased volume fraction of either reinforcement type over 0-50 vol % resulted in increased elastic modulus, a maximum in ultimate tensile stress, and decreased work to failure. Composites reinforced with HA whiskers had higher elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and work to failure relative to composites reinforced with spherical HA. Thus, HA whisker-reinforced HDPE composites possessed improved mechanical properties over those reinforced with spherical HA. HA whisker-reinforced composites were anisotropic due to alignment of the whiskers in the matrix during processing.

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“…Recently, low-and wide-angle X-ray diffraction techniques, and the X-ray diffraction analysis based on pole figures, have been applied to single osteon samples to yield information on changes occurring in the inorganic bone fraction during calcification [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray diffraction analysis of transversal osteonic lamellae

et al. 1983

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When isolated osteon samples are submitted to wide-angle X-ray diffraction, it is not possible to detect any preferential orientation of the hydroxyapatite crystallites of the lamellae with transversally arranged fiber bundles. So a complete and exhaustive X-ray diffraction analysis of an osteon needs adequately prepared osteonic subunits. For the present investigation, 2 types of samples were prepared from longitudinal and alternate osteons: osteonic radial sections and isolated straightened transversal lamellae. An X-ray diffraction microcamera has been used with a rotating anode X-ray generator. In accordance with the data provided by the polarizing microscope, the orientation of crystallites runs parallel to the osteon axis in longitudinally structured osteons, whereas in alternate osteons the orientation changes by about 90 degrees in successive lamellae. Neither crystallites associated with the collagen fibrils that run alongside the osteocyte canaliculi nor those associated with the fibrils that run transversally in longitudinally structured osteons are revealed by X-ray diffraction, because there are so few of them.

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Orientation of apatite in single osteon samples as studied by pole figures

Cited by 41 publications

References 14 publications

On the Mechanistic Origins of Toughness in Bone

On the Mechanistic Origins of Toughness in Bone

Hydroxyapatite whiskers provide improved mechanical properties in reinforced polymer composites

X-ray diffraction analysis of transversal osteonic lamellae

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