Orientation-selective inhibition from beyond the classic visual receptive field

Contextual Masking of Oriented Lines: Interactions Between Surface Segmentation Cues

“…These responses are often modulated by the copresence of stimuli surrounding the CRF (Allman et al 1985;Blakemore and Tobin 1972;Das and Gilbert 1999;DeAngelis et al 1994;Kapadia et al 1995;Knierim and van Essen 1992;Lamme 1995;Levitt and Lund 1997;Li and Li 1994;Maffei and Fiorentini 1976;Nelson and Frost 1978;Zipser et al 1996). These modulatory effects parallel many well-known examples of the influence of context on visual perception .…”

“…1) is a potent cue for perceptual segmentation (Bergen and Julesz 1983;Caputo 1996;Foster and Westland 1995;Li et al 2000) and has a marked influence over orientation judgments (Mareschal et al 2001;Sekuler 1965;Wehrhahn et al 1996;Westheimer et al 1976). Similarly, responses to oriented CRF stimuli have been found to be stronger in the presence of textured surrounds that promote perceptual segmentation (orthogonal lines) than in the presence of surrounds that do not promote segmentation (parallel lines) (Cavanaugh et al 2002;Fries et al 1977;Gilbert and Wiesel 1990;Knierim and van Essen 1992;Lamme 1995;Levitt and Lund 1997;Li et al 2000;Nelson and Frost 1978;Zipser et al 1996).…”

Dynamics of Suppression in Macaque Primary Visual Cortex

“…The earliest receptive field models of simple cells in primary visual cortex (V1) were based primarily on excitation from afferent LGN fibers (Hubel and Wiesel, 1962), but many researchers have since recognized the importance of inhibition from inside (Benevento et al, 1972;Morrone et al, 1982;Bonds, 1989;DeAngelis et al, 1992) and outside (Hubel and Wiesel, 1968;Blakemore and Tobin, 1972;Nelson and Frost, 1978;Knierim and Van Essen, 1992;DeAngelis et al, 1994) the classical receptive field (CRF) in shaping the response properties of these neurons. The response of a neuron to an optimally oriented stimulus can be reduced by superimposing an orthogonal mask stimulus or by placing a parallel stimulus outside the CRF.…”

“…Horizontal intracortical connections within V1 (Nelson and Frost, 1978;Knierim and Van Essen, 1992;DeAngelis et al, 1994) were originally suggested to form the circuitry underlying suppressive signals beyond the CRF. LGN suppressive fields (Levick et al, 1972) can explain several nonlinear response properties (Bonin et al, 2004;Carandini, 2004) and have been postulated to play a role in surround suppression in V1 (Solomon et al, 2002;Ozeki et al, 2004;Wielaard and Sajda, 2005).…”

The Embedded Neuron, the Enactive Field?

“…Stimulation beyond the "summation field" often causes a decline in response and the area over which one observes this inhibition is known as the "suppressive surround". Examples of different surround effects can be found in the work of, amongst others, Blakemore & Tobin (1972), Maffei & Fiorentini (1976), Nelson & Frost (1978), Gilbert & Wiesel (1990), De Angelis, Freeman & Ohzawa (1994), Jones, Grieve, Wang & Sillito (2001), Cavanaugh, Bair & Movshon (2002a), Cavanaugh, Bair & Movshon (2002b) and Levitt & Lund (2002); see Albright & Stoner (2002) and Tucker & Fitzpatrick (2003) for reviews.…”