Orientational Behavior of Thermotropic Liquid Crystals on Surfaces Presenting Electrostatically Bound Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

Espinoza, Luis A. Tercero; Schumann, Kate R.; Luk, Yan Yeung; Israel, Barbara A.; Abbott, Nicholas L.

doi:10.1021/la035774i

Cited by 46 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The LC‐filled grids were supported on a glass microscope slide treated with octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS). The OTS treatment of the glass anchors 5CB and a variety of other LCs in an orientation that is perpendicular (homeotropic) to the LC‐glass interface 44, 45. The results reported below indicate that mixtures of 5CB and EG4‐LC also assume a homeotropic orientation at the surface of OTS‐treated glass.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Design of Biomolecular Interfaces Using Liquid Crystals Containing Oligomeric Ethylene Glycol

Yang

Gupta

Kishimoto

et al. 2010

Adv Funct Materials

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We report an investigation of nematic LCs formed from miscible mixtures of 4-cyano-4’-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) and 2-(2-[2-{2-(2,3-difluoro-4-{4-(4-trans-pentylcyclohexyl)-phenyl-phenoxy)ethoxy}ethoxy]ethoxy)ethanol (EG4-LC), the latter being a mesogen with a tetra(ethylene glycol) tail. Quantitative characterization of the ordering of this LC mixture at biologically-relevant aqueous interfaces revealed that addition of EG4-LC (1–5% by weight) to 5CB causes a continuous transition in the ordering of the LC from a planar (pure 5CB) to a perpendicular (homeotropic) orientation. The homeotropic ordering is also seen in aqueous dispersions of micrometer-sized droplets of the LC mixture, which exhibit enhanced stability against coalescence. These observations and others, all of which suggest partitioning of the EG4-LC from the bulk of the LC to its aqueous interface, were complemented by measurements of the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to the aqueous-LC interface. Whereas adsorption of BSA to the interface of a LC mixture containing 1% wt/wt of EG4-LC triggered an ordering transition, higher concentrations of EG4-LC (>2% wt/wt) prevented this ordering transition, consistent with a decrease in adsorption of BSA. This conclusion is supported by epifluorescence measurements using fluorescently labeled BSA and comparisons to LC interfaces at which EG4-containing lipids are adsorbed. Overall, these results demonstrate a general and facile approach to the design of LCs with interfaces that present biologically relevant chemical functional groups, assume well-defined orientations at aqueous interfaces, and lower non-specific protein adsorption. The bulk of the LC serves as a reservoir of EG4-LC, thus permitting easy preparation of these interfaces and the potential for spontaneous repair of the EG4-decorated interfaces during contact with biological systems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Design of Biomolecular Interfaces Using Liquid Crystals Containing Oligomeric Ethylene Glycol

Yang

Gupta

Kishimoto

et al. 2010

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Because many viruses, bacteria as well as mammalian cells are encapsulated by lipid membranes, recent studies have been performed to investigate their interactions with LCs. These studies have demonstrated that contact between LCs and lipid-encapsulated viruses [86, 103, 104] and gram-negative bacteria [86, 105] can drive ordering transitions within the LC, implicating LCs as potentially useful sensors of these virions and microorganisms. This is a promising capability, as the rapid and sensitive detection of harmful microorganisms and infectious agents is important for upholding public health and safety in areas including food processing, water and environmental monitoring, and clinical diagnostics [106].…”

Section: Lcs As Sensors Of Viruses Bacteria and Mammalian Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Espinoza et al [103] first demonstrated that LCs can be utilized for the detection of lipid-encapsulated viruses. Solutions of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) were incubated on the surface of gold slides treated with poly- l -lysine.…”

Section: Lcs As Sensors Of Viruses Bacteria and Mammalian Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and biological sensing using liquid crystals

Carlton

Hunter

Miller

et al. 2013

Liquid Crystals Reviews

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332

236

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The liquid crystalline state of matter arises from orientation-dependent, non-covalent interaction between molecules within condensed phases. Because the balance of intermolecular forces that underlies formation of liquid crystals is delicate, this state of matter can, in general, be easily perturbed by external stimuli (such as an electric field in a display). In this review, we present an overview of recent efforts that have focused on exploiting the responsiveness of liquid crystals as the basis of chemical and biological sensors. In this application of liquid crystals, the challenge is to design liquid crystalline systems that undergo changes in organization when perturbed by targeted chemical and biological species of interest. The approaches described below revolve around the design of interfaces that selectively bind targeted species, thus leading to surface-driven changes in the organization of the liquid crystals. Because liquid crystals possess anisotropic optical and dielectric properties, a range of different methods can be used to read out the changes in organization of liquid crystals that are caused by targeted chemical and biological species. This review focuses on principles for liquid crystal-based sensors that provide an optical output.

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“…This aspect of LC-based systems has been exploited to develop new sensing platforms that can report on the presence and/or organization of chemical or biological agents 4-17. For example, several recent studies have demonstrated that ordering transitions in LCs can be triggered by the adsorption of phospholipids,4,18-20 surfactants,21-25 polymers,14,26,27 proteins,4,9-11,28,29 viruses,8,13,17 and bacteria17 at interfaces created between LCs and solid substrates5-10,12,13,29 or LCs and aqueous phases 4,11,14-28. The results of these past studies have suggested new principles and approaches for the design of LC-based systems that have relevance in a broad range of fundamental and applied contexts (e.g., sensing).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immobilization of Polymer-Decorated Liquid Crystal Droplets on Chemically Tailored Surfaces

Kinsinger¹,

Buck²,

Abbott³

et al. 2010

Langmuir

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We demonstrate that the assembly of an amphiphilic polyamine on the interfaces of micrometersized droplets of a thermotropic liquid crystal (LC) dispersed in aqueous solutions can be used to facilitate the immobilization of LC droplets on chemically functionalized surfaces. Polymer 1 was designed to contain both hydrophobic (alkyl-functionalized) and hydrophilic (primary and tertiary amine-functionalized) side chain functionality. The assembly of this polymer at the interfaces of aqueous dispersions of LC droplets was achieved by spontaneous adsorption of polymer from aqueous solution. Polymer adsorption triggered transitions in the orientational ordering of the LCs, as observed by polarized light and bright-field microscopy. We demonstrate that the presence of polymer 1 on the interfaces of these droplets can be exploited to immobilize LC droplets on planar solid surfaces through covalent bond formation (e.g., for surfaces coated with polymer multilayers containing reactive azlactone functionality) or through electrostatic interactions (e.g., for surfaces coated with multilayers containing hydrolyzed azlactone functionality). Characterization of immobilized LC droplets by polarized, fluorescence, and laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed the general spherical shape of the polymer-coated LC droplets to be maintained after immobilization, and that immobilization led to additional ordering transitions within the droplets that was dependent on the nature of the surfaces with which they were in contact. Polymer 1-functionalized LC droplets were not immobilized on polymer multilayers treated with poly(ethylene imine) (PEI). We demonstrate that the ability to design surfaces that promote or prevent the immobilization of polymer-functionalized LC droplets can exploited to pattern the immobilization of LC droplets on surfaces. The results of this investigation provide the basis of an approach that could be used to tailor the properties of dispersed LC emulsions and to immobilize these droplets on functional surfaces of interest in a broad range of fundamental and applied contexts.

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Orientational Behavior of Thermotropic Liquid Crystals on Surfaces Presenting Electrostatically Bound Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

Cited by 46 publications

References 36 publications

Design of Biomolecular Interfaces Using Liquid Crystals Containing Oligomeric Ethylene Glycol

Design of Biomolecular Interfaces Using Liquid Crystals Containing Oligomeric Ethylene Glycol

Chemical and biological sensing using liquid crystals

Immobilization of Polymer-Decorated Liquid Crystal Droplets on Chemically Tailored Surfaces

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