Oriented Attachment of Tin Halide Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications

Abstract

Tin halide perovskites (THPs) are hopeful replacements to toxic Pb-based perovskites in lead-free photovoltaic applications. Nevertheless, the underlying crystallization kinetics mechanism lacks exploration to inform the rational design of high-quality THP films for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices. Here, we reveal a crystal growth kinetic regime for oriented attachment growth of THPs. By introducing 2-phenoxyethylamine bromide (POEBr) to tune the surface energy of different facets of FASnI3 perovskite crystals, highly oriented FASnI3-POEBr perovskite films are obtained. The crystalline films with anisotropic properties can be rationalized through the crystal growth kinetics mechanism called “oriented attachment (OA)”, where two smaller nanocrystals with the same crystallographical orientation combine together to produce a larger nanocrystal. The OA growth kinetics is amenable to reducing the crystal growth rate and consequently allows the formation of dense, smooth, and oriented THP films with fewer defects, delivering an impressive efficiency of over 14%.

Stabilizing FASnI3-based perovskite light-emitting diodes with crystallization control

“…The inhibition of oxidation of Sn 2+ may be attributed to the improved crystallinity of the perovskite samples and the inclusion of two-dimensional phases with higher oxygen and humidity resistance. [38][39][40][41][42][43] The suppressed oxidation of Sn 2+ may help preventing the formation of Sn 2+ vacancy defects, consistent with the transient PL and SCLC results. Further, the oxidation processes could be linked to the evolution of the absorption spectra over time for samples exposed in air (Fig.…”

Polymer‐Based Solid‐State Electrolytes for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium‐Ion Batteries – Review

“…To address the SCLs issue at the anode, Li et al proposed a Kevlar-derived hydrogel (KevlarH) electrolyte containing aramid nanofibers and ZnSO 4 . [148] The amide group on the aramid chain in KevlarH was able to immobilize SO 4 2− and reduce the concentration polarization of Zn 2+ at the interface by preventing the depletion of SO 4 2− (Figure 13d), thus reducing the SCLs effects at the anode/electrolyte interface. There was also a relatively weak interaction between the Zn 2+ and the carbonyl group of the aramid chain, which redistributed the Zn 2+ flux and enabled the uniform Zn deposition without reducing their diffusion rate.…”

“…Reproduced with permission. [148] Copyright 2023, American Chemical Society. suggested the possibility of achieving higher mass-loading (>10 mg cm −2 ), it often comes at the expense of discharge capacity and cycle performance.…”

Efficient quasi-2D tin perovskite solar cells based on mixed monoammonium and diammonium terminal molecules

“…[16][17][18] The incorporation of low dimensional structures in the film plays a significant role in improving the performance of TPSCs among various methods, given its capability to effectively modulate the crystallization and reduce oxidation simultaneously. 4,5,19 The use of quasi-2D structures significantly improves the performance of tin perovskite solar cells. 20 Various linear and aromatic amines are employed as terminal molecules to form lowdimensional structures including Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) and Dion-Jacobson (DJ) phase.…”