Oriented Low‐n Ruddlesden‐Popper Formamidinium‐Based Perovskite for Efficient and Air Stable Solar Cells

Kong, Weiyu; Zeng, Fang; Su, Zhenhuang; Wang, Tao; Qiao, Liang; Ye, Tianshi; Zhang, Lin; Sun, Ruitian; Barbaud, Julien; Li, Feng; Gao, Xingyu; Zheng, Rongkun; Yang, Xudong

doi:10.1002/aenm.202202704

Cited by 40 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…According to the above results, the data shows that the 2D perovskite grown on NiO x /KPF 6 substrates has better crystallinity, which is helpful for the fabrication of efficient PSCs. [39,40] Figure 3b shows that perovskite films with and without KPF 6 modification have similar ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectra. This indicates that the bandgap of 2D perovskite does not change due to KPF 6 modification.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Improved Efficiency and Stability of 2D Perovskite Solar Cells via Bifunctional Inorganic Salt KPF₆ Modified NiO_x Hole Transport Layer

Hou

Zhang

et al. 2022

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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In general, improving the electrical conductivity of bare NiO x film and alleviating the undesired energy level mismatch by interface engineering are operative to enhance the property of 2D perovskite solar cells (2D PSCs) based on NiO x . Herein, the NiO x /2D perovskite interface is modified by inorganic salt KPF6 to improve the interfacial contact and conductivity of NiO x . It is revealed that KPF6 not only improves the conductivity of NiO x through the formation of NiF coordination bond with NiO x by PF6‐ but also promotes the energy level matching between NiO x and the 2D perovskite layer. Thus, KPF6‐modified NiO x greatly enhances the extraction ability of hole carriers in 2D perovskite layers and improves the crystallinity of 2D perovskite films. Accordingly, the NiO x /KPF6‐based 2D PSCs attain an optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.34%. Meanwhile, the KPF6 modified device without sealed maintains 93% of its original PCE for 600 h on a 60 °C hot plate filled with nitrogen and 72% after aging for 600 h with a humidity of 35 ± 10% in the atmosphere, respectively. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of using inorganic salts to modify NiO x hole transport layers to augment the optoelectronic properties and stability of 2D PSCs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Improved Efficiency and Stability of 2D Perovskite Solar Cells via Bifunctional Inorganic Salt KPF₆ Modified NiO_x Hole Transport Layer

Hou

Zhang

et al. 2022

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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“…NH 4 SCN has realized similar stability improvements in other reports. 522 Likewise, the crystallinity of the ACI halide perovskite GA 3 MA 3 Pb 3 I 10 (GA = guanadinium) was enhanced by the incorporation of MASCN, and grain boundary defects were simultaneously passivated by the partial substitution of MA with PEA, improving stability both in ambient air and at 85 °C in N 2 atmosphere. 523 Chen et al observed that replacing either MAI with MACl or PEAI with PEACl in precursor solutions of PEA ⟨n⟩ ≥ 6 RP halide perovskite significantly improved crystallinity, reduced defect density, and enhanced device stability in inert atmosphere.…”

Section: Strengthen Interlayer Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to 3D halide perovskites, defect passivation and improvements in crystallinity can suppress defect-mediated degradation pathways in 2D halide perovskites and improve device stability. − Yukta et al demonstrated an improvement in unencapsulated device stability both at RT/60%RH and at 85 °C, as well as an increased water contact angle, for (NDA)(MA) 3 Pb 4 I 13 (NDA = 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, n = 4) treated with NH 4 SCN . The improvement in stability was attributed to a reduced defect concentration and increased crystallinity as a result of the addition of NH 4 SCN, which regulates crystal growth and suppresses defects through the synergistic occupation of A-sites by NH 4 + and X-sites by SCN – .…”

Section: Stability Of 3d and 2d Halide Perovskitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The improvement in stability was attributed to a reduced defect concentration and increased crystallinity as a result of the addition of NH 4 SCN, which regulates crystal growth and suppresses defects through the synergistic occupation of A-sites by NH 4 + and X-sites by SCN – . NH 4 SCN has realized similar stability improvements in other reports . Likewise, the crystallinity of the ACI halide perovskite GA 3 MA 3 Pb 3 I 10 (GA = guanadinium) was enhanced by the incorporation of MASCN, and grain boundary defects were simultaneously passivated by the partial substitution of MA with PEA, improving stability both in ambient air and at 85 °C in N 2 atmosphere .…”

Section: Stability Of 3d and 2d Halide Perovskitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergy of 3D and 2D Perovskites for Durable, Efficient Solar Cells and Beyond

Metcalf,

Sidhik,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Chem. Rev.

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Three-dimensional (3D) organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites have emerged in the past few years as a promising material for low-cost, high-efficiency optoelectronic devices. Spurred by this recent interest, several subclasses of halide perovskites such as two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites have begun to play a significant role in advancing the fundamental understanding of the structural, chemical, and physical properties of halide perovskites, which are technologically relevant. While the chemistry of these 2D materials is similar to that of the 3D halide perovskites, their layered structure with a hybrid organic–inorganic interface induces new emergent properties that can significantly or sometimes subtly be important. Synergistic properties can be realized in systems that combine different materials exhibiting different dimensionalities by exploiting their intrinsic compatibility. In many cases, the weaknesses of each material can be alleviated in heteroarchitectures. For example, 3D-2D halide perovskites can demonstrate novel behavior that neither material would be capable of separately. This review describes how the structural differences between 3D halide perovskites and 2D halide perovskites give rise to their disparate materials properties, discusses strategies for realizing mixed-dimensional systems of various architectures through solution-processing techniques, and presents a comprehensive outlook for the use of 3D-2D systems in solar cells. Finally, we investigate applications of 3D-2D systems beyond photovoltaics and offer our perspective on mixed-dimensional perovskite systems as semiconductor materials with unrivaled tunability, efficiency, and technologically relevant durability.

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“…For example, for mixed-dimensional HP solar cells of [n] ≤ 4, a PCE benchmark of 18.2% has been reached early in 2018 and stranded ever since. 26 A very recent work of influence reported a PCE of 18.14%, 43 and the greatest value ever reported is merely 18.42%. 44 Therefore, model II may not be accurate enough to describe the working mechanism of mixeddimensional 2D/3D HP solar cells.…”

Section: Photophysical Model IImentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring, Identifying, and Removing the Efficiency-Limiting Factor of Mixed-Dimensional 2D/3D Perovskite Solar Cells

Cao

et al. 2023

Acc. Chem. Res.

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Conspectus Three-dimensional (3D) halide perovskite (HP) solar cells have been thriving as promising postsilicon photovoltaic systems. However, despite the decency of efficiency, they suffer from poor stability. Partial dimensionality reduction from 3D to 2D was found to significantly meliorate the instability, thus mixed-dimensional 2D/3D HP solar cells have been expected to combine favorable durability and high efficiency. Nevertheless, their power conversion efficiency (PCE) does not live up to the expectation, hardly exceeding 19%, in sharp contrast with the ∼26% benchmark for pure 3D HP solar cells. The low PCE primarily arises from the restricted charge transport of the mixed-phasic 2D/3D HP layer. Understanding its photophysical dynamics, including its nanoscopic phase distribution and interphase carrier transfer kinetics, is essential for fathoming the underlying restriction mechanism. This Account outlines the three historical photophysical models of the mixed-phasic 2D/3D HP layer (denoted as models I, II, and III hereafter). Model I opines (i) a gradual dimensionality transition in the axial direction and (ii) a type II band alignment between 2D and 3D HP phases, hence favorably driving global carrier separation. Model II takes the view that (i) 2D HP fragments are interspersed in the 3D HP matrix with a macroscopic concentration variation in the axial direction and (ii) 2D and 3D HP phases instead form a type I band alignment. Photoexcitations would rapidly transfer from wide-band-gap 2D HPs to narrow-band-gap 3D HPs, which then serve as the charge transport network. Model II is currently the most widely accepted. We are one of the earliest groups to unveil the ultrafast interphase energy-transfer process. Recently, we further amended the photophysical model to consider also (i) an interspersing pattern of phase distribution but (ii) the 2D/3D HP heterojunction to be a p–n heterojunction with built-in potential. Anomalously, the built-in potential of the 2D/3D HP heterojunction increases upon photoexcitation. Therefore, local 3D/2D/3D misalignments would severely impede charge transport due to carrier blocking or trapping. Contrary to models I and II which hold 2D HP fragments as the culprit, model III rather suspects the 2D/3D HP interface for blunting the charge transport. This insight also rationalizes the distinct photovoltaic performances of the mixed-dimensional 2D/3D configuration and the 2D-on-3D bilayer configuration. To extinguish the detrimental 2D/3D HP interface, our group also developed an approach to alloy the multiphasic 2D/3D HP assembly into phase-pure intermediates. The accompanying challenges that are coming are also discussed.

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Oriented Low‐n Ruddlesden‐Popper Formamidinium‐Based Perovskite for Efficient and Air Stable Solar Cells

Cited by 40 publications

References 47 publications

Highly Improved Efficiency and Stability of 2D Perovskite Solar Cells via Bifunctional Inorganic Salt KPF₆ Modified NiO_x Hole Transport Layer

Highly Improved Efficiency and Stability of 2D Perovskite Solar Cells via Bifunctional Inorganic Salt KPF₆ Modified NiO_x Hole Transport Layer

Synergy of 3D and 2D Perovskites for Durable, Efficient Solar Cells and Beyond

Exploring, Identifying, and Removing the Efficiency-Limiting Factor of Mixed-Dimensional 2D/3D Perovskite Solar Cells

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Oriented Low‐n Ruddlesden‐Popper Formamidinium‐Based Perovskite for Efficient and Air Stable Solar Cells

Cited by 40 publications

References 47 publications

Highly Improved Efficiency and Stability of 2D Perovskite Solar Cells via Bifunctional Inorganic Salt KPF6 Modified NiOx Hole Transport Layer

Highly Improved Efficiency and Stability of 2D Perovskite Solar Cells via Bifunctional Inorganic Salt KPF6 Modified NiOx Hole Transport Layer

Synergy of 3D and 2D Perovskites for Durable, Efficient Solar Cells and Beyond

Exploring, Identifying, and Removing the Efficiency-Limiting Factor of Mixed-Dimensional 2D/3D Perovskite Solar Cells

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Highly Improved Efficiency and Stability of 2D Perovskite Solar Cells via Bifunctional Inorganic Salt KPF₆ Modified NiO_x Hole Transport Layer

Highly Improved Efficiency and Stability of 2D Perovskite Solar Cells via Bifunctional Inorganic Salt KPF₆ Modified NiO_x Hole Transport Layer