“…The XRD data show that the intended FSAB nanoparticle adsorbent was successfully manufactured. According to the Debye–Scherrer equation [ 59 , 60 , 61 ], the average particle size of the prepared nanoparticle materials was 13.41, 12.86, 12.23 and 9.12 nm for FSAB , Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -APTMS, Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 , and Fe 3 O 4 respectively. Figure 4 XRD patterns of (a) Fe 3 O 4 , (b) Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 , (c) Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -APTMS and (d) FSAB nanoparticle adsorbent.…”
“…The XRD data show that the intended FSAB nanoparticle adsorbent was successfully manufactured. According to the Debye–Scherrer equation [ 59 , 60 , 61 ], the average particle size of the prepared nanoparticle materials was 13.41, 12.86, 12.23 and 9.12 nm for FSAB , Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -APTMS, Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 , and Fe 3 O 4 respectively. Figure 4 XRD patterns of (a) Fe 3 O 4 , (b) Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 , (c) Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -APTMS and (d) FSAB nanoparticle adsorbent.…”
“…At this time, reagents with stronger solubility with the solvent (called extractants) are slowly added to extract the solvent, forming a two-phase structure with the polymer as the continuous phase and the solvent as the dispersed phase. The solvent is then removed to obtain a microporous polymer [192][193][194][195]. Wang and colleagues [196] prepared a highly porous polybenzimidazole-based separator by using the NIPS method (Figure 14).…”
Lithium-ion batteries, as an excellent energy storage solution, require continuous innovation in component design to enhance safety and performance. In this review, we delve into the field of eco-friendly lithium-ion battery separators, focusing on the potential of cellulose-based materials as sustainable alternatives to traditional polyolefin separators. Our analysis shows that cellulose materials, with their inherent degradability and renewability, can provide exceptional thermal stability, electrolyte absorption capability, and economic feasibility. We systematically classify and analyze the latest advancements in cellulose-based battery separators, highlighting the critical role of their superior hydrophilicity and mechanical strength in improving ion transport efficiency and reducing internal short circuits. The novelty of this review lies in the comprehensive evaluation of synthesis methods and cost-effectiveness of cellulose-based separators, addressing significant knowledge gaps in the existing literature. We explore production processes and their scalability in detail, and propose innovative modification strategies such as chemical functionalization and nanocomposite integration to significantly enhance separator performance metrics. Our forward-looking discussion predicts the development trajectory of cellulose-based separators, identifying key areas for future research to overcome current challenges and accelerate the commercialization of these green technologies. Looking ahead, cellulose-based separators not only have the potential to meet but also to exceed the benchmarks set by traditional materials, providing compelling solutions for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries.
“…As a polymer matrix, mainly poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), polyethersulfone, polyamide, chitosan and polyamide were used. As a magnetic filler, modified carbon nanotubes Fe 3 O 4 @MWCNT; silica ZnFe 2 O 4 @SiO 2 ; oxides Fe 2 O 3 , CoFe 2 O 4 , TiO 2 and magnetic inorganic-organic hybrid membrane system HMG@MHMG were applied [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62]. Magnetic membranes used in such processes were most often prepared by casting and a phase inversion method.…”
Section: Other Separation Techniquesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…All investigated magnetic membranes in other techniques than gas separation and pervaporation showed better separation efficiency than the same without magnetic filler. Liu et al [55] prepared PVC membranes filled with Fe 3 O 4 @MWCNT particles by a phase inversion method and applied them for a cross-flow filtration of bovine serum albumin from aqueous solutions. They took advantage of the fact that water is strongly attracted to a magnetic field.…”
Recent years have shown a growing interest in the application of membranes exhibiting magnetic properties in various separation processes. The aim of this review is to provide an in-depth overview of magnetic membranes that can be successfully applied for gas separation, pervaporation, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, adsorption, electrodialysis, and reverse osmosis. Based on the comparison of the efficiency of these separation processes using magnetic and non-magnetic membranes, it has been shown that magnetic particles used as fillers in polymer composite membranes can significantly improve the efficiency of separation of both gaseous and liquid mixtures. This observed separation enhancement is due to the variation of magnetic susceptibility of different molecules and distinct interactions with dispersed magnetic fillers. For gas separation, the most effective magnetic membrane consists of polyimide filled with MQFP-B particles, for which the separation factor (αrat O2/N2) increased by 211% when compared to the non-magnetic membrane. The same MQFP powder used as a filler in alginate membranes significantly improves water/ethanol separation via pervaporation, reaching a separation factor of 12,271.0. For other separation methods, poly(ethersulfone) nanofiltration membranes filled with ZnFe2O4@SiO2 demonstrated a more than four times increase in water flux when compared to the non-magnetic membranes for water desalination. The information gathered in this article can be used to further improve the separation efficiency of individual processes and to expand the application of magnetic membranes to other branches of industry. Furthermore, this review also highlights the need for further development and theoretical explanation of the role of magnetic forces in separation processes, as well as the potential for extending the concept of magnetic channels to other separation methods, such as pervaporation and ultrafiltration. This article provides valuable insights into the application of magnetic membranes and lays the groundwork for future research and development in this area.
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