Orienting and shaping organic semiconductor single crystals through selective nanoconfinement

Alaei, Aida; Zong, Kai; Asawa, Kaustubh; Chou, Tseng Ming; Briseño, Alejandro L.; Choi, Chang Hwan; Lee, Stephanie S.

doi:10.1039/d0sm01928c

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Using sol vents as media, various solutionbased techniques were devel oped to control or confine the flow or evaporation direction of the molecule containing solvents, which in return results in manipulating the crystallographic order of OSC molecules. [18][19][20][21][22] For example, Bao et al demonstrated a shearing force to con trol the contraction direction of the threephase contact line of the solution, so as to guide the assembly of molecule along the moving direction of the scraper. [23,24] Dip coating also pro vides an effective process to control the direction of crystal pre cipitation by withdrawing the substrate from the solution that containing the object materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Step‐Edge‐Induced Patterning and Orientation Control of Crystalline Organic Semiconductor Films

Wang

Martín-Jiménez

Zhong

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Inter

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Orientation control over micropatterned crystalline organic semiconductor film is crucial to achieve high device performance with small variation in organic electronics. Here, using Au patterned SiO2 substrates, a method is reported to realize high‐resolution patterning and orientation control of crystalline organic thin films simultaneously. The vacuum deposited N,N‐dioctyl‐3,4,9,10‐perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI‐C8) molecules can selectively diffuse to and nucleate on prepatterned Au stripes, resulting in patterned crystalline films with a preferential orientation distribution. Scanning tunneling microscope and high‐resolution atomic force microscope images reveal that the PTCDI‐C8 molecules first assemble on Au with perylene diimide cores in a laying down configuration, providing nucleation sites at the step edges for directional growth along the a‐axis of the molecule crystal. Subsequent deposition of molecules leads to orientated crystalline films growth due to the π packing of the perylene diimide cores, resulting in orientation control on micropatterned crystalline films. The finding provides a new strategy to grow oriented crystalline films for high device performance uniformity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Step‐Edge‐Induced Patterning and Orientation Control of Crystalline Organic Semiconductor Films

Wang

Martín-Jiménez

Zhong

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Inter

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“…We previously observed such scaffold-directed nanowire formation in organic semiconducting triisopropylsilylethynyl pyranthrene and perylene crystals. When nucleation occurs within the scaffold, nuclei oriented with their fast growth direction parallel to the unconfined direction of the nanopore achieve the critical nucleus size more quickly than misoriented nuclei, resulting in preferential orientation of nanoconfined crystals .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Scaffold-Guided Crystallization of Oriented α-FAPbI₃ Nanowire Arrays for Solar Cells

Alaei,

Mohajerani,

Schmelmer

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Perovskite nanowire arrays with large surface areas for efficient charge transfer and continuous highly crystalline domains for efficient charge transport exhibit ideal morphologies for solar-cell active layers. Here, we introduce a room temperature two-step method to grow dense, vertical nanowire arrays of formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI 3 ). PbI 2 nanocrystals embedded in the cylindrical nanopores of anodized titanium dioxide scaffolds were converted to FAPbI 3 by immersion in a FAI solution for a period of 0.5–30 min. During immersion, FAPbI 3 crystals grew vertically from the scaffold surface as nanowires with diameters and densities determined by the underlying scaffold. The presence of butylammonium cations during nanowire growth stabilized the active α polymorph of FAPbI 3 , precluding the need for a thermal annealing step. Solar cells comprising α-FAPbI 3 nanowire arrays exhibited maximum solar conversion efficiencies of >14%. Short-circuit current densities of 22–23 mA cm –2 were achieved, on par with those recorded for the best-performing FAPbI 3 solar cells reported to date. Such large photocurrents are attributed to the single-crystalline, low-defect nature of the nanowires and increased interfacial area for photogenerated charge transfer compared with thin films.

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“…107,158 In nanoconfined spaces, such as the cylindrical nanopores of anodized aluminum oxide scaffolds, crystals tend to grow with the fast growth direction parallel to the long axis of the nanopore. 159,160 We have previously demonstrated the scaffold-directed solution-phase crystallization of semiconducting triisopropylsilylethynyl pyranthrene, 161 perylene 162,163 and formamidinium lead iodide. 164 Organic semiconductors infiltrated into anodized aluminum oxide scaffolds from the melt likewise preferentially orient with the fast growth direction parallel to the long axes of the confining pores.…”

Section: ■ Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Promoting crystal growth perpendicular to the substrate surface is thus expected to amplify many of the emergent properties discussed in this perspective, including CR, CE, and CPL. One strategy for orienting the fibril growth direction perpendicular to the substrate surface is through the use of nanoconfining scaffolds. , In nanoconfined spaces, such as the cylindrical nanopores of anodized aluminum oxide scaffolds, crystals tend to grow with the fast growth direction parallel to the long axis of the nanopore. , We have previously demonstrated the scaffold-directed solution-phase crystallization of semiconducting triisopropylsilylethynyl pyranthrene, perylene , and formamidinium lead iodide . Organic semiconductors infiltrated into anodized aluminum oxide scaffolds from the melt likewise preferentially orient with the fast growth direction parallel to the long axes of the confining pores .…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leveling up Organic Semiconductors with Crystal Twisting

Whittaker,

Zhou,

Spencer

et al. 2023

Crystal Growth & Design

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The performance of crystalline organic semiconductors depends on the solid-state structure, especially the orientation of the conjugated components with respect to device platforms. Often, crystals can be engineered by modifying chromophore substituents through synthesis. Meanwhile, dissymetry is necessary for high-tech applications like chiral sensing, optical telecommunications, and data storage. The synthesis of dissymmetric molecules is a labor-intensive exercise that might be undermined because common processing methods offer little control over orientation. Crystal twisting has emerged as a generalizable method for processing organic semiconductors and offers unique advantages, such as patterning of physical and chemical properties and chirality that arises from mesoscale twisting. The precession of crystal orientations can enrich performance because achiral molecules in achiral space groups suddenly become candidates for the aforementioned technologies that require dissymetry.

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Orienting and shaping organic semiconductor single crystals through selective nanoconfinement

Abstract: Nanoconfining scaffolds can be used to orient and shape organic semiconductor crystals during solution-phase crystallization depending on the scaffold geometry and the native crystal growth habit.

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Step‐Edge‐Induced Patterning and Orientation Control of Crystalline Organic Semiconductor Films

Step‐Edge‐Induced Patterning and Orientation Control of Crystalline Organic Semiconductor Films

Scaffold-Guided Crystallization of Oriented α-FAPbI₃ Nanowire Arrays for Solar Cells

Leveling up Organic Semiconductors with Crystal Twisting

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Orienting and shaping organic semiconductor single crystals through selective nanoconfinement

Abstract: Nanoconfining scaffolds can be used to orient and shape organic semiconductor crystals during solution-phase crystallization depending on the scaffold geometry and the native crystal growth habit.

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Step‐Edge‐Induced Patterning and Orientation Control of Crystalline Organic Semiconductor Films

Step‐Edge‐Induced Patterning and Orientation Control of Crystalline Organic Semiconductor Films

Scaffold-Guided Crystallization of Oriented α-FAPbI3 Nanowire Arrays for Solar Cells

Leveling up Organic Semiconductors with Crystal Twisting

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Scaffold-Guided Crystallization of Oriented α-FAPbI₃ Nanowire Arrays for Solar Cells