Orificial tuberculosis of the lip: a case report and review of the literature

A nonhealing oral ulcer in a man with HIV

“…Even though the incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis has been increasing worldwide in recent years, cutaneous manifestations are uncommon (2% to 10%) and are seen mainly in immunosuppressed patients with coexisting tuberculosis infection of internal organs. 1 Oral manifestations of tuberculosis are extremely rare, accounting for 2% of cases of cutaneous manifestations. 1,2 For this reason and because of its clinical heterogeneity, oral tuberculosis is often not considered in the differential diagnosis of oral lesions.…”

“…1 Oral manifestations of tuberculosis are extremely rare, accounting for 2% of cases of cutaneous manifestations. 1,2 For this reason and because of its clinical heterogeneity, oral tuberculosis is often not considered in the differential diagnosis of oral lesions.…”

“…2,5 Oral tuberculosis may be primary but is more commonly secondary to internal-organ tuberculosis. Secondary disease is seen in patients with pulmonary forms (affecting 0.05% to 1.5% of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis 1,2 ) because of autoinoculation by infected sputum or hematogenous spread. 1,4,5 Clinicians should consider oral tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of a nonhealing ulcer of the mouth, particularly in an immunosuppressed patient such as ours.…”

“…Secondary disease is seen in patients with pulmonary forms (affecting 0.05% to 1.5% of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis 1,2 ) because of autoinoculation by infected sputum or hematogenous spread. 1,4,5 Clinicians should consider oral tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of a nonhealing ulcer of the mouth, particularly in an immunosuppressed patient such as ours. It is also important to highlight the necessity of searching for a primary site of infection, more frequently in the lungs.…”