Origin and age of rift related fluorite and manganese deposits from the San Rafael Massif, Argentina

Rubinstein, Nora Alicia; Zappettini, Eduardo O.

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.11.004

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Considering the solubility and possible sources of F as well as the age of the mineralization, these fluids would have originated during lithospheric thinning caused by the upwelling of the asthenosphere under continental extension in eastern China (Zhai et al, ). This extensional tectonic setting on a regional scale with the F, probably derived from a mantle source, was favourable for the formation of the fluorite deposits (Rubinstein & Zappettini, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New evidence from the Wuliji'Oboo fluorite deposit for the role of the paleo‐Pacific Plate and Mongol–Okhotsk suture in creating extensive fluorite mineralization in the Great Xing'an Range, NE China

et al. 2019

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The Wuliji'Oboo fluorite deposit is a newly discovered deposit hosted by volcanic rocks of the Early Cretaceous Baiyin'gaolao Formation, which are located in the Great Xing'an Range. Fluorite orebodies within this area are controlled by the NNE-trending faults. The ΣREE of fluorite samples ranges from 19.18 to 361.22 ppm, with an average of 131.14 ppm. The homogenization temperatures are concentrated in the ranges of 100-150°C and 230-350°C, while the salinity is concentrated in 0.3-1.0 and 2.0-4.5 wt.% NaCl eqv., and the density has ranges of 0.92-0.96 and 0.75-0.8 g/cm 3 , respectively. The δD V-SMOW values of fluid inclusions within the fluorite range between −122.3‰ and −105.6‰ with a mean of −115.36‰. The δ 18 O V-SMOW of fluorite ranges from −12.0 to −8.5‰, average is −9.9‰. Sm-Nd isotopic data on the fluorite ore yield an isochron age of 122 ± 15 Ma and have ɛ Nd (t) values ranging from +3.15 to +4.16 and ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) i values ranging from 0.704907 to 0.705765. In this contribution, field, petrologic, and geochemical data lead us to the following salient findings: (a) The ore consists of fluorite, quartz, and calcite, with host rock alteration that includes silicification, calcitization, and sericitization. The major element data reveal that the host rocks are a series of highK calc-alkaline rhyolite. The REEs suggest that F-rich fluids in this region might have experienced a longdistance migration. The Tb/Ca-Tb/La diagram confirms a hydrothermal origin for the deposit. (b) Petrographic evidence and fluid inclusions in the fluorites indicate that this deposit might have two ore-forming stages. The ore-forming fluids can be attributed to a NaCl-H 2 O-F system with moderate-low temperature, low salinity, and low density and have a meteoric water source, with water/rock reaction as the main mechanism for fluorite precipitation. (c) The deposit was formed in an anorogenic within-plate extensional tectonic setting related to the lithospheric thinning occurring after the Mongolian-Okhotsk Ocean closure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New evidence from the Wuliji'Oboo fluorite deposit for the role of the paleo‐Pacific Plate and Mongol–Okhotsk suture in creating extensive fluorite mineralization in the Great Xing'an Range, NE China

et al. 2019

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“…The Ca-bearing sedimentary rocks and the Xiangcaoping granite provide a source for oreforming materials. The post-orogenic extensional tectonic setting is favorable for the formation of fluorite deposits [90][91][92]. In the Shuanghuajing deposit, the NNE-NE striking faults provided pathways and room, and facilitated migration and precipitation of the oreforming fluids.…”

Section: Model Of Fluorite Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Relationship between Granite and Fluorite Mineralization in the Shuanghuajiang Fluorite Deposit, Northern Guangxi, South China: Evidence from Geochronology, REE, and Fluid Geochemistry

Fang

Feng

et al. 2022

Minerals

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Hydrothermal vein-type fluorite deposits are the most important metallogenic type of fluorite deposits in South China, most of which are closely related to granitoid in space; however, the genetic relationship between granitoid and fluorite mineralization remains controversial. The Shuanghuajiang fluorite deposit in northern Guangxi of South China is a typical vein-type fluorite deposit hosted in a granite pluton, with the orebodies occurring within brittle faults. Zircon U-Pb dating of the hosting Xiangcaoping granite yields an emplacement age of 228.04 ± 0.76 Ma (MSWD = 0.072). Fluorite Sm-Nd dating yields an isochron age of 185 ± 18 Ma. The new age data indicate that the fluorite deposit was precipitated significantly later than the emplacement of the hosting Xiangcaoping granite pluton. The fluorite and granite exhibit similar rare earth element (REE) patterns with negative Eu anomalies, suggesting that fluorine (F) was derived from the granite. The fluorite fluid inclusions show a homogeneous temperature mainly ranging between 165 °C and 180 °C. Salinity is typically less than 1% NaCl eqv, while the δ18OV-SMOW and δDV-SMOW values are between −5.2‰–−6.1‰ and −17.35‰–−23.9‰, respectively. These indicate that the ore-forming fluids were a NaCl-H2O system with medium-low temperature and low salinity, which is typical for meteoric water. Given the combined evidence of geochronology, REE, and fluid geochemistry, the mineralization of the Shuanghuajiang fluorite deposit is unrelated to magmatic-hydrothermal activity but achieved via hydrothermal circulation and leaching mechanisms. Our study presents a genetic relationship between the fluorite deposit and granitoids based on an example of northern Guangxi, providing a better understanding of the genesis of hydrothermal vein-type fluorite deposits in granitoids outcropping areas.

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“…Thus, we suggested that the Heyu granites may have been the main Ca source for the fluorite. The fluorine source for fluorite deposits worldwide is still unclear (Ehya, 2012;Rubinstein & Zappettini, 2015). The fluorine contents of the Heyu granites and the Xiong'er Group volcanic rocks are 1,024 and 539 ppm, respectively (Bai, 2010;Zhou, 2008).…”

Section: Source Of Ore-forming Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Illinois-Kentu (USA), Amba Dongar (India), Gallinas Mountains (USA), and San Rafael Massif (Argentina) fluorite districts, published data from Fls microthermometric, REE, and Sm-Nd isotopic analyses suggested that magma-derived volatile fluorine represents the major source for the fluorite mineralization (Palmer & Williams-Jones, 1996;Rowan, Goldhaber, & Plumlee, 1995;Rubinstein & Zappettini, 2015;Williams-Jones, Samson, & Olivo, 2000). In fact, the fluorite mineralization was commonly coeval or slightly post-date the regional magmatic activities (Palmer & Williams-Jones, 1996;Rowan et al, 1995;Rubinstein & Zappettini, 2015;Williams-Jones et al, 2000). Partey et al (2009) proposed that the volatile fluorine degassed from the magmas was the most likely fluorine source for the fluorite deposits in the Rio Grande Rift, based on chlorine isotopic evidence (chlorine and fluorine share similar elemental behavior).…”

Section: Source Of Ore-forming Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation timing and genesis of Madiu fluorite deposit in East Qinling, China: Constraints from fluid inclusion, geochemistry, and H–O–Sr–Nd isotopes

Pei

Zhang

et al. 2019

Geological Journal

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The Heyu fluorite ore district is newly discovered in the East Qinling metallogenic belt (EQMB), central China. In this district, the large Madiu fluorite deposit contains five Mesozoic granite‐hosted orebodies. The deposit may have formed at shallow depth and occurred as continuous veins controlled by a series of N‐S‐ or NE‐trending, steeply dipping faults. The fluorite mineralization can be divided into two stages (I and II). Fluid inclusions in stage I fluorite homogenized at 132.2°C to 342.5°C (peak at 170°C–210°C) with salinities of 0.18 to 4.43 wt% NaCl equiv, whilst those in stage II fluorite homogenized at 122.2°C to 305.7°C (peak at 130°C–170°C) and salinities of 0.18 to 3.71 wt% NaCl equiv. Raman spectroscopic analysis of the fluid inclusions reveals that they comprise predominantly H2O. The rare earth element (REE) characteristics indicate that the deposit is of hydrothermal origin. The δ18OH2O (−8.8‰ to −0.5‰) and δDH2O (−69.0‰ to −61.9‰) values show a subhorizontal trend, suggesting that the oxygen isotopic compositions were modified by fluid–rock interactions. Fluid inclusion and stable isotopic data suggest that the ore‐forming fluids belong to a meteoric water‐sourced, medium–low temperature, and low salinity NaCl–H2O system. Initial fluorite 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.708879–0.709682) resemble those of the Heyu batholith. The water–rock reaction, which leached Ca from the host rock and increased the fluid pH, was likely causative to the ore precipitation. Geochemical and mineralization features suggest that the Madiu fluorite deposit is best classified as a fault‐controlled hydrothermal vein‐type fluorite deposit. The Sm–Nd isochron age of 118.9 ± 7.8 Ma and its regional age correlation suggest that the fluorite mineralization occurred under regional extension or lithospheric thinning setting and that the fluorite mineralization was an important component of the Early Cretaceous mineralization event in the EQMB.

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Origin and age of rift related fluorite and manganese deposits from the San Rafael Massif, Argentina

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

New evidence from the Wuliji'Oboo fluorite deposit for the role of the paleo‐Pacific Plate and Mongol–Okhotsk suture in creating extensive fluorite mineralization in the Great Xing'an Range, NE China

New evidence from the Wuliji'Oboo fluorite deposit for the role of the paleo‐Pacific Plate and Mongol–Okhotsk suture in creating extensive fluorite mineralization in the Great Xing'an Range, NE China

Genetic Relationship between Granite and Fluorite Mineralization in the Shuanghuajiang Fluorite Deposit, Northern Guangxi, South China: Evidence from Geochronology, REE, and Fluid Geochemistry

Formation timing and genesis of Madiu fluorite deposit in East Qinling, China: Constraints from fluid inclusion, geochemistry, and H–O–Sr–Nd isotopes

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