Origin and chemistry of palygorskite-bearing rocks (middle Eocene) from northeast Iraq

Dhannoun, H.Y.; Aldabbagh, Salim M.

doi:10.1016/0009-2541(88)90161-1

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This indicates that palygorskite can accomodate most elements possibly due to their crystal structure, which is very convenient for the substitution of these elements. Palygorskite bearing trace amounts of montmorillonite is formed of alteration of serpentine minerals from Iraq (Dhannoun and AI-Dabbagh 1988) that contains similar concentrations of Cr and Co, but low concentration of Ni compared with the Hekimhan palygorskite. These authors also noticed that unsoluble Cr, Ni, and Co were structurally associated with palygorskite.…”

Section: Chemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sepiolite-Palygorskite from the Hekimhan Region (Turkey)

Yalçın

Bozkaya

1995

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstract--Upper Cretaceous-Tertiary marine clayey-calcareous rocks of the Hekimhan basin contain fibrous clay minerals in significant amounts. Ophiolitic rocks in the provenance area have contributed the elements to form the clay minerals. XRD, SEM, major, trace and REE analyses were applied to samples taken from several stratigraphic sections. Diagenetic minerals such as smectite, dolomite, calcite, gypsum, celestite and quartz/chalcedony are associated with sepiolite-palygorskite group days. Trace and rare earth elements (REE) are more abundant in palygorskite than sepiolite. REE abundances in the sepiolite-palygorskite are characterized by negative Eu and positive Nd anomalies when normalized with respect to chondrite and shale. Sepiolites with sharp XRD peaks are formed by diagenetic replacement of dolomite and diagenetic transformation of palygnrskite, or by direct crystallization from solution. The average structural formula of the sepiolite is:(MgT.l sAloA 3Feo.3~ Cro.06Nio.04)(Si H.gsAlo.02)O30(OH)4(OH2)4Cao.03Nao.o2Ko.02.8H20Palygorskite appears to be authigenic by direct precipitation from solution. It exists in both monodinic and orthorhombic forms with the mean structural formula given below: (Mg2.22A~Ti~.~4Fe~.7~Cr~.~Ni~.~2)(Si7.68Al~.32)~2~(~H)2(~H2)4Ca~.~7Na~.~5K~.~.4H2~

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Section: Chemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sepiolite-Palygorskite from the Hekimhan Region (Turkey)

Yalçın

Bozkaya

1995

Clays and clay miner.

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“…The Middle Eocene Gercus Formation represents a typical continental red bed succession. It is dominated by clastic sedimentation of conglomerates, sandstones, mudstones, and marls, with some carbonates and evaporates deposited under an arid to semi-arid climate [7,8,16].…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleoenvironmental conditions during deposition of Kolosh and Gercus formations in northern Iraq as deduced from clay mineral distributions

Al-Juboury

Al-Taee

Malak

2021

eijs

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A mineralogical study using X-ray diffraction supported by scanning electron microscopic examination on the Paleocene- Eocene Kolosh and Gercus formations from northern Iraq is conducted to show the distribution of clay minerals and their paleoenvironmental implications. Smectite palygorskite, kaolinite, illite, and chlorite are commonly present in varying proportions within the Kolosh and Gercus formations. Association of smectite and chlorite in the claystone of the Paleocene Kolosh Formation refers to marine environment of this formation, whereas development of palygorskite fibers from smectite precursor may relate to post-depositional diagenesis. In addition, the abundance of illite and kaolinite in the Eocene Gercus Formation suggests a greater influence of terrigenous input in humid conditions, affecting the distribution of these clay minerals. The study shows vertical change in clay minerals distribution when illite and kaolinite dominate in the Eocene Gercus Formation, in comparison to chlorite and smectite abundance in the Paleocene Kolosh Formation which may relate to global warming in the Eocene.

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“…Shiranish Formation close to the village of Shiranish Islam, northeast of Zakho, from the High Folded Zone of Iraqi Kurdistan had been first defined by Henson (1940, in Bellen et al, 1959. This formation is the base of a series of regressive -transgressive in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) (Dunnington, 1958).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clay minerals of Shiranish Formation in, Erbil, Duhok northern Iraq

Swadi,

Al-jaberi,

Alsultan

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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In the Upper Cretaceous of northern Iraq (upper Campanian-Maastrichtian), the Shiranish Formation is examined for clay minerals using X-ray diffraction in the Duhok (Sandor section) and Erbil cities (Lailuk section). In the marl section of the Shiranish Formation, the layers of chlorite, illite, kaolinite, palygorskite, and a mixed layer of montmorillonite-chlorite strata were discovered to have formed antigenically. The variation in minerals indicates the Cretaceous’ changing climate. Palygorskite is a result of leaching processes that are more successful due to variations in the parent rocks. The transition of palygorskite from montmorillonite and illite can occasionally be impacted by post-depositional diagenetic processes. Because of the warm conditions that supply the eroded clastic materials from earlier successions of Cretaceous in the area, chlorite, mixed-layers, and illite may have predominated over kaolinite. The variation in source rocks and drainage conditions is reflected in the variation of clay minerals in the investigated sequence, which could improve leaching rate processes.

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Origin and chemistry of palygorskite-bearing rocks (middle Eocene) from northeast Iraq

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Sepiolite-Palygorskite from the Hekimhan Region (Turkey)

Sepiolite-Palygorskite from the Hekimhan Region (Turkey)

Paleoenvironmental conditions during deposition of Kolosh and Gercus formations in northern Iraq as deduced from clay mineral distributions

Clay minerals of Shiranish Formation in, Erbil, Duhok northern Iraq

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