Origin and development of somatic embryos inMedicago sativa L. (alfalfa)

Rapid multiplication of adventitious somatic embryos of Panax ginseng

“…This apical tissue represents immature cotyledonary tissue in a very young and highly responsive state. Proliferation of secondary somatic embryos from epidermal tissues of primary embryos has also been reported in Trifolium repens (Maheswaran & Williams 1985), Medicago sativa (Santos et al 1983) and Glycine max (Finer 1988). Although some of the adventitious embryos in ginseng developed from the hypocotyl and a few from the basal tissue, this could be either old cotyledonary tissue with preformed embryo initials or a proembryonic cell mass (Ranch et al 1985;Finer 1988) left out during embryo development, giving rise to new embryos irrespective of the medium used.…”

Somatic Embryogenesis in Grapevine

“…Development of somatic embryogenesis has been described to follow patterns similar to the ones of zygotic embryogenesis (Konar et ai., 1972;Altamura et ai., 1992); however, in studies conducted on model plants, it proved to be more variable in early division patterns (McWilliam et ai., 1974;Dos Santos, 1983) and further morphological development (Toonen et ai., 1994;Mordhorst et al, 1997), cellular organell composition (Taylor and Vasil, 1996), and gene expression as well (Pramanik and Krochko, 1992; In model plants, somatic embryogenesis is the most utilized model system for plant cell totipotency and developmental studies, while it is one of the most powerful techniques offered by tissue culture for genetic improvement of species important to agriculture.…”

Genotypic effects on somatic embryognesis and plant regeneration from callus cultures of alfalfa

“…Following the first report of successful regeneration of alfalfa plants in vitro in 1972 [13], there have been improvements in the identification of responsive germplasm [2] and appropriate culture methods [1,14,[16][17][18], including methods for plant regeneration from suspension [1,9,10,12] and protoplast cultures [1,4,5,7,8]. However, it is not yet possible to regenerate the full range of alfalfa germplasm.…”