Origin and evolution of the multiply quantized vortex instability

Patrick, Sam; Geelmuyden, August; Erne, Sebastian; Barenghi, Carlo F.; Weinfurtner, Silke

doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.4.043104

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…[43]. Interestingly, the splitting is often followed by a recombination process; similar dynamics was predicted for multiply-charged vortices in a single-component BEC in [52]. We attribute this phenomenon to energy conservation and to the finite size of the system: once the vortex is split, the excess of energy is released in the form of spin excitations, whose interference, after bouncing on the trap walls, reverses the splitting process.…”

Section: Long-time Dynamicssupporting

confidence: 56%

Superradiant phononic emission from the analog spin ergoregion in a two-component Bose–Einstein condensate

Berti¹,

Giacomelli²,

Carusotto³

2024

Comptes Rendus. Physique

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We make use of an analog gravity perspective to obtain a physical understanding of hydrodynamic instabilities stemming from the presence of quantized vortices in two-component atomic condensates and of their relation to ergoregion instabilities of rotating massive objects in gravitation. In addition to the localized instabilities related to vortex splitting, configurations displaying dynamically unstable modes that extend well outside the vortex core are found. In this case, the superradiant scattering process involves phonon emission into the much wider ergoregion of spin modes, so the physics most closely resembles the one of rotating massive objects. Our results confirm the potential of two-component condensates as analog models of rotating space-times in different regimes of gravitational interest.

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Section: Long-time Dynamicssupporting

confidence: 56%

Superradiant phononic emission from the analog spin ergoregion in a two-component Bose–Einstein condensate

Berti¹,

Giacomelli²,

Carusotto³

2024

Comptes Rendus. Physique

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“…In particular, quantum simulations of rotating curved spacetimes indicative of astrophysical black holes require the realization of an extensive vortex flow 12 in superfluid systems. Here we demonstrate that, despite the inherent instability of multiply quantized vortices 13,14 , a stationary giant quantum vortex can be stabilized in superfluid 4 He. Its compact core carries thousands of circulation quanta, prevailing over current limitations in other physical systems such as magnons 5 , atomic clouds 6,7 and polaritons 15,16 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The importance of the aforementioned outcomes can be underlined by noting that n -quantized vortices are dynamically unstable 13 , 14 . They spontaneously decay into a cluster of n vortices 48 as a result of the excitation of a negative energy mode in the multiply quantized vortex core 11 , 48 .…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotating curved spacetime signatures from a giant quantum vortex

Švančara,

Smaniotto,

Solidoro

et al. 2024

Nature

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Gravity simulators1 are laboratory systems in which small excitations such as sound2 or surface waves3,4 behave as fields propagating on a curved spacetime geometry. The analogy between gravity and fluids requires vanishing viscosity2–4, a feature naturally realized in superfluids such as liquid helium or cold atomic clouds5–8. Such systems have been successful in verifying key predictions of quantum field theory in curved spacetime7–11. In particular, quantum simulations of rotating curved spacetimes indicative of astrophysical black holes require the realization of an extensive vortex flow12 in superfluid systems. Here we demonstrate that, despite the inherent instability of multiply quantized vortices13,14, a stationary giant quantum vortex can be stabilized in superfluid 4He. Its compact core carries thousands of circulation quanta, prevailing over current limitations in other physical systems such as magnons5, atomic clouds6,7 and polaritons15,16. We introduce a minimally invasive way to characterize the vortex flow17,18 by exploiting the interaction of micrometre-scale waves on the superfluid interface with the background velocity field. Intricate wave–vortex interactions, including the detection of bound states and distinctive analogue black hole ringdown signatures, have been observed. These results open new avenues to explore quantum-to-classical vortex transitions and use superfluid helium as a finite-temperature quantum field theory simulator for rotating curved spacetimes19.

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“…However, vortices with n ≥ 2 are unstable and decay into elementary vortices with n = 1 on any general smooth change of the field ϕ (see Ref. [25] for the n = 2 case, and references therein). Therefore, we only consider elementary point vortices with κ = ±4π for the remainder of this work.…”

Section: Quantised Vortices and The Pitaevskii Profilementioning

confidence: 99%