Origin and Evolutionary Process of the Genetic Code

Ikehara, Kenji; Niihara, Yuka

doi:10.2174/092986707782793853

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The idea is strikingly consistent with studies such as those of Chiusano et al [9], who showed that the nucleotide frequencies in second codon positions are remarkably different among coding regions that correspond to different protein secondary structures and to amino acids with different physicochemical properties. It is also broadly compatible with the work of Ikehara and colleagues [10,11] and of Rodin and Rodin [12] on the origin and evolution of the genetic code.…”

Section: Editorialsupporting

confidence: 87%

Editorial: hypotheses about protein folding - the proteomic code and wonderfolds

Agutter¹

2009

Theor Biol Med Model

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Section: Editorialsupporting

confidence: 87%

Editorial: hypotheses about protein folding - the proteomic code and wonderfolds

Agutter¹

2009

Theor Biol Med Model

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“…We posit that polyglycine world gave way to GADV world (GADV for glycine, alanine, aspartic acid and valine) ( Figure 12 ) [ 66–68 , 73 ]. Positing GADV world explains why the genetic code sectored in columns ( Figures 7C and Figures 8 ).…”

Section: Evolution Of the Genetic Codementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the genetic code

Lei

Burton

2021

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Diverse models have been advanced for the evolution of the genetic code. Here, models for tRNA, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS) and genetic code evolution were combined with an understanding of EF-Tu suppression of tRNA 3 rd anticodon position wobbling. The result is a highly detailed scheme that describes the placements of all amino acids in the standard genetic code. The model describes evolution of 6-, 4-, 3-, 2- and 1-codon sectors. Innovation in column 3 of the code is explained. Wobbling and code degeneracy are explained. Separate distribution of serine sectors between columns 2 and 4 of the code is described. We conclude that very little chaos contributed to evolution of the genetic code and that the pattern of evolution of aaRS enzymes describes a history of the evolution of the code. A model is proposed to describe the biological selection for the earliest evolution of the code and for protocell evolution.

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“…Obviously, this does not rule out the possibility that, for example, only two nucleotides in each codon are informative (see, e.g. , (24–27) for hypotheses on the evolution of the code through a “doublet” phase). Questions on why there are four standard nucleotides in the code (28, 29) or why the standard code encodes 20 amino acids (30–32) are fully legitimate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and evolution of the genetic code: The universal enigma

2008

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The genetic code is nearly universal, and the arrangement of the codons in the standard codon table is highly non-random. The three main concepts on the origin and evolution of the code are the stereochemical theory, according to which codon assignments are dictated by physico-chemical affinity between amino acids and the cognate codons (anticodons); the coevolution theory, which posits that the code structure coevolved with amino acid biosynthesis pathways; and the error minimization theory under which selection to minimize the adverse effect of point mutations and translation errors was the principal factor of the code’s evolution. These theories are not mutually exclusive and are also compatible with the frozen accident hypothesis, i.e., the notion that the standard code might have no special properties but was fixed simply because all extant life forms share a common ancestor, with subsequent changes to the code, mostly, precluded by the deleterious effect of codon reassignment. Mathematical analysis of the structure and possible evolutionary trajectories of the code shows that it is highly robust to translational misreading but there are numerous more robust codes, so the standard code potentially could evolve from a random code via a short sequence of codon series reassignments. Thus, much of the evolution that led to the standard code could be a combination of frozen accident with selection for error minimization although contributions from coevolution of the code with metabolic pathways and weak affinities between amino acids and nucleotide triplets cannot be ruled out. However, such scenarios for the code evolution are based on formal schemes whose relevance to the actual primordial evolution is uncertain. A real understanding of the code origin and evolution is likely to be attainable only in conjunction with a credible scenario for the evolution of the coding principle itself and the translation system.

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Origin and Evolutionary Process of the Genetic Code

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Editorial: hypotheses about protein folding - the proteomic code and wonderfolds

Editorial: hypotheses about protein folding - the proteomic code and wonderfolds

Evolution of the genetic code

Origin and evolution of the genetic code: The universal enigma

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