Origin and fate of ice fauna in the Fram Strait and Svalbard area

Pavlova, Olga

doi:10.3354/meps301055

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Out of these nine, two were exclusively found at the northern mooring position: the pan-oceanic species Scina boralis as well as the iceassociated gammarid amphipod Gammarus wilkitzkii which is usually found in higher abundances at 0-100 m depth (Poltermann 1997). The species living at the underside of the ice may as well survive in the water column for a few days, when their habitat is disappearing through melting, before they sink to the depths (Arndt and Pavlova 2005;Werner et al 1999). Its occurrence at the northern mooring position suggested association to sea-ice, as at the northern location a longer duration of sea-ice coverage (23 and 60 days) in both sampling periods was observed compared to the central mooring site (7 and 4 days, respectively) (Bauerfeind, unpublished data).…”

Section: Amphipod Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amphipod abundance in sediment trap samples at the long-term observatory HAUSGARTEN (Fram Strait, ∼79°N/4°E). Variability in species community patterns

2010

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Since 2000, sediment traps have been deployed at the HAUSGARTEN (a long-term observatory established by the Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research in 1999) in the Fram Strait, (west of Spitsbergen at a water depth of 2,500 m, located in the confluence zone of the warm saline Atlantic water and water masses of polar origin) in order to investigate seasonal and inter-annual fluctuation of particle flux and the various contribution of zooplankton swimmers. Amongst these swimmers, amphipods are regularly observed occurring in a recurrent pattern and they dominate the biomass. Thus, we present data on amphipods regarding their seasonal and regional distribution pattern throughout the period 2000-2007. The most frequently observed amphipod species are Themisto libellula, T. abyssorum and T. compressa. While Themisto libellula is considered a true Arctic species associated to polar water masses, the boreal-Atlantic species Themisto abyssorum is imported into the Arctic by Atlantic water. A third species, Themisto compressa, occurred in 2004 and has been continually observed in the samples since then. The latter species has its main distribution in the warm regions of the North Atlantic and its occurrence in the Fram Strait points to the increased influence of warm Atlantic water masses. During 2000-2007, the amphipod composition in the samples has changed in favor of T. abyssorum and T. compressa. These shifts could suggest a northward movement of Atlantic species in the seasonally ice-covered area, a region of the ocean anticipated to react very sensitively to global warming.

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Section: Amphipod Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amphipod abundance in sediment trap samples at the long-term observatory HAUSGARTEN (Fram Strait, ∼79°N/4°E). Variability in species community patterns

2010

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“…It has been observed that the swimming capability of ice amphipods is limited to short distances (Lønne & Gulliksen, 1991); however, there is evidence that G. wilkitzkii can afford the energy costs of swimming in the water column when it loses contact with the ice surface (Werner et al, 1999). It has recently been suggested (Arndt & Pavlova, 2005) that shelf areas, in particular fjords and bays, which are regularly impacted by drifting multiyear ice, are not sinks but rather retention areas for dislodged ice amphipods. These observations support the hypotheses that G. wilkitzkii is capable of surviving in ice-free waters and that it eventually recolonizes sea ice above shallow waters.…”

Section: Ecology Of Epibiotic Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epibiosis in Crustacea: an overview

Fernández-Leborans¹

2010

crustaceana

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Although epibiosis in Crustacea has been well known for a long time, only during recent decades these associations have been considered from various aspects: physiological, evolutionary, ecological, and so forth. Current research has begun to study in detail the processes concerning epibiosis and their effects on the biology of the organisms involved. The aim of this study is to present a general overview of epibiosis in Crustacea, including its ecological importance, adaptations to epibiotic life, specificity of the associations, and other characteristics of epibiont-basibiont interactions. RESUMENA pesar de que la epibiosis en crustáceos es bien conocida desde hace tiempo, sólo durante las últimas décadas las asociaciones ha sido consideradas desde variados aspectos: fisiológico, evolutivo, ecológico, etc. Desde entonces, se han empezado a estudiar en detalle los procesos concernientes a la epibiosis and sus efectos en la biología de los organismos implicados en este tipo de relación. El propósito del presente estudio es presentar una visión general de la epibiosis en los crustáceos, considerando su importancia ecológica, las adaptaciones a la vida epibiótica, la especificidad de las asociaciones, y otras características de las variadas interacciones epibionte-basibionte. 1 )

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“…The high-Arctic Rijpfjorden opens directly towards the Arctic Ocean with drifting sea ice influencing the fjord environment (Hop & Pavlova 2008 ; even though the difference in the temperature regime between the 2 fjords was pronounced, temperature probably had less influence on the species composition than did sea ice. While sympagic fauna drifting out in the Fram Strait is believed to be lost to the pelagial and benthos when the ice melts (Werner et al 1999, Arndt & Pavlova 2005, Hop & Pavlova 2008, the fate of these species when they are released from ice melting in shallow, seasonally ice-covered areas is not fully understood. There are indications that sympagic amphipods can survive ice-free periods in the benthic habitat and re-colonize the ice when it is reformed (Arndt et al 2005b).…”

Section: The Amphipod Scavenging Guildmentioning

confidence: 99%

The amphipod scavenging guild in two Arctic fjords: seasonal variations, abundance and trophic interactions

Nygård¹,

Berge²,

Søreide³

et al. 2012

Aquat. Biol.

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Scavenging amphipods are important for the circulation and dispersal of organic material in the marine environment. Despite their dominance in the scavenging guild and importance in the food web, little is known about Arctic amphipods and their feeding preferences. We studied the amphipod scavenging guild using baited traps for one full year to increase our understanding of its seasonal variations. Two Arctic fjords with contrasting hydrographical conditions were studied: Adventfjorden, which is influenced by Atlantic water inflow, and Rijpfjorden, which is dominated by cold Arctic water masses. The species composition clearly differed between the 2 fjords. Onisimus caricus, followed by Anonyx laticoxae, were the dominant species in Adventfjorden. In Rijpfjorden, the species diversity was higher, particularly for Anonyx spp. In both fjords, a clear depth zonation in species distribution was detected, with a seasonal dynamic in species composition. A seasonal pattern in catch sizes was observed in both fjords. The timing of this pattern varied, likely because of the climatic differences between the fjords. Lipid content, lipid classes and fatty acid composition were analyzed for A. nugax, O. caricus, O. litoralis, O. nanseni and O. glacialis, and stable isotopes were also analyzed for the all these species except O. glacialis. A clear difference in the fatty acid and stable isotope composition was found among species. O. glacialis and O. litoralis were primarily omnivorous-herbivorous, while the other species were predominantly carnivorous. O. nanseni and A. nugax preyed extensively on calanoid copepods (Calanus spp.) whereas O. caricus did not.

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Origin and fate of ice fauna in the Fram Strait and Svalbard area

Cited by 16 publications

References 36 publications

Amphipod abundance in sediment trap samples at the long-term observatory HAUSGARTEN (Fram Strait, ∼79°N/4°E). Variability in species community patterns

Amphipod abundance in sediment trap samples at the long-term observatory HAUSGARTEN (Fram Strait, ∼79°N/4°E). Variability in species community patterns

Epibiosis in Crustacea: an overview

The amphipod scavenging guild in two Arctic fjords: seasonal variations, abundance and trophic interactions

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