Origin and Fates of TERT Gene Copies in Polyploid Plants

Fajkus, Petr; Peška, Vratislav; Fajkus, Jiřı́; Sýkorová, Eva

doi:10.3390/ijms22041783

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Telomerase is not completely universal 15 , since, for example, in Drosophila , telomerase had been lost and telomeres composed of short tandem repeats were replaced with terminal retrotransposons that use targeted retrotransposition, thus engaging in a mechanism similar to reverse transcription 16 , 17 . Nevertheless, telomerase remains the most common mechanism to maintain telomeres across eukaryotes, and without any known exceptions among plants 14 , 18 – 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraordinary diversity of telomeres, telomerase RNAs and their template regions in Saccharomycetaceae

Peška

Fajkus

Bubeník

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Telomerase RNA (TR) carries the template for synthesis of telomere DNA and provides a scaffold for telomerase assembly. Fungal TRs are long and have been compared to higher eukaryotes, where they show considerable diversity within phylogenetically close groups. TRs of several Saccharomycetaceae were recently identified, however, many of these remained uncharacterised in the template region. Here we show that this is mainly due to high variability in telomere sequence. We predicted the telomere sequences using Tandem Repeats Finder and then we identified corresponding putative template regions in TR candidates. Remarkably long telomere units and the corresponding putative TRs were found in Tetrapisispora species. Notably, variable lengths of the annealing sequence of the template region (1–10 nt) were found. Consequently, species with the same telomere sequence may not harbour identical TR templates. Thus, TR sequence alone can be used to predict a template region and telomere sequence, but not to determine these exactly. A conserved feature of telomere sequences, tracts of adjacent Gs, led us to test the propensity of individual telomere sequences to form G4. The results show highly diverse values of G4-propensity, indicating the lack of ubiquitous conservation of this feature across Saccharomycetaceae.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraordinary diversity of telomeres, telomerase RNAs and their template regions in Saccharomycetaceae

Peška

Fajkus

Bubeník

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…S4 ). Telomerase is a ribonucleic acid–protein complex composed of telomerase RNA component (TERC) and TERT [ 19 ]. Its function is to synthesize telomeres at the ends of chromosomes, compensating for the gradual shortening of telomere length due to cell division and thus stabilizing the chromosomes ( Supplementary Data Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The telomere-to-telomere genome of Fragaria vesca reveals the genomic evolution of Fragaria and the origin of cultivated octoploid strawberry

Zhou

Xiong

Shu³

et al. 2023

Horticulture Research

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Fragaria vesca, commonly known as wild or woodland strawberry, is the most widely distributed diploid Fragaria species and is native to Europe and Asia. Because of its small plant size, low heterozygosity, and relatively easy for genetic transformation, F. vesca has been a model plant for fruit research since the publication of its Illumina-based genome in 2011. However, its genomic contribution to octoploid cultivated strawberry remains a long-standing question. Here, we de novo assembled and annotated a telomere-to-telomere, gap-free genome of F. vesca ‘Hawaii 4’, with all seven chromosomes assembled into single contigs, providing the highest completeness and assembly quality to date. The gap-free genome is 220,785,082 bp in length and encodes 36,173 protein-coding gene models, including 1153 newly annotated genes. All 14 telomeres and 7 centromeres were annotated within the 7 chromosomes. Among the three previously recognized wild diploid strawberry ancestors, F. vesca, F. iinumae, and F. viridis, phylogenomic analysis showed that F. vesca and F. viridis are the ancestors of the cultivated octoploid strawberry F. × ananassa, and F. vesca is its closest relative. Three subgenomes of F. × ananassa belong to the F. vesca group, and one is sister to F. viridis. We anticipate that this high-quality, telomere-to-telomere, gap-free F. vesca genome, combined with our phylogenomic inference of the origin of cultivated strawberry, will provide insight into the genomic evolution of Fragaria and facilitate strawberry genetics and molecular breeding.

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“…A doubling of the cell genome is likely to result in a doubling of the size of the nucleus; however, cell and nuclear volume increases were not uniform (Iannicelli et al, 2020;Fajkus et al, 2021;Ghasemi et al, 2021). This can disrupt the balance between chromosomes and nuclear components.…”

Section: Figure 4 Stomata Length and Width Of Daylily Plants Of Diffe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction and analysis of polyploids in daylily (Hemerocallis L.) plants

Misiukevičius

Stanys

2022

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture

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Daylily (Hemerocallis L.) is a popular herbaceous perennial ornamental plant. The American Hemerocallis Society (AHS) currently has over 96,000 cultivars registered. Of these, half are tetraploids (4x), and the other half are diploids (2x). To enrich the breeding lines of tetraploid daylilies, colchicine is the most widely used. During the experiment, oryzalin (ORZ) and colchicine (CLC) were used for the polyploidisation of daylilies. Germinating seeds derived from diploid and tetraploid daylily cultivars as maternal plants were exposed to solutions of ORZ and CLC at different concentrations. Ploidy of seedlings was determined after six months by flow cytometry, and the obtained results were related to the size of the stomata. Chimerism of the young side shoots developing on treated plants was assessed three years after polyploidisation by checking the ploidy using a flow cytometer. It has been found that whole-genome duplication is not common in daylilies during polyploidisation of germinating seeds -triploids (3x), pentaploids (5x), hexaploids (6x), and heptaploids (7x) were obtained. The optimal concentration of CLC for induction higher ploidy was 125-250 µmol when exposed to seeds of the diploid maternal plant (DMP) and 250-500 µmol when exposed to the tetraploid maternal plant (TMP) one. In the case of ORZ, optimal treatments were 10 µmol for germinating DMP seeds and 40 µmol for TMP seeds, respectively. Stomata size can preliminarily determine daylily ploidy. A flow cytometry should be used for a more accurate determination of ploidy. Individuals treated with antimitotic agents are prone to chimerism. The most extensive ploidy variation observed in individuals with uneven ploidy is usually in the direction of even ploidy. Therefore, the ploidy of clones used for breeding should be checked regularly.

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Origin and Fates of TERT Gene Copies in Polyploid Plants

Cited by 5 publications

References 54 publications

Extraordinary diversity of telomeres, telomerase RNAs and their template regions in Saccharomycetaceae

Extraordinary diversity of telomeres, telomerase RNAs and their template regions in Saccharomycetaceae

The telomere-to-telomere genome of Fragaria vesca reveals the genomic evolution of Fragaria and the origin of cultivated octoploid strawberry

Induction and analysis of polyploids in daylily (Hemerocallis L.) plants

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