Origin and genetic diversity of an introduced wall lizard population and its cryptic congener

Schulte, Ulrich; Gassert, Franz; Géniez, Philippe; Veith, Michael; Hochkirch, Axel

doi:10.1163/156853812x626160

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The native source regions were chosen based on previously identified geographic regions for mitochondrial clades (with the exception of the Eastern France clade that we did not sample; Schulte et al . ,b; Michaelides et al . ; Salvi et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…) , P. liolepis (JQ403296) (Schulte et al . ) and P. erchardi (FJ867395) (Giovannotti et al . ) were used as outgroups.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Burke & Deichsel ) and to more than 140 locations in north‐western Europe (Schulte ; Schulte et al . , ) including over 40 times to the United Kingdom (UK) (Gleed‐Owen ; Michaelides et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The European wall lizard, Podarcis muralis (Laurenti, 1768), has a wide distribution across central and southern Europe with a complex phylogeographic structure (Salvi et al 2013) and associated large geographic variation in morphology (B€ ohme 1986). The species has been successfully introduced to several locations in North America (Allan et al 2006;Burke & Deichsel 2008) and to more than 140 locations in north-western Europe (Schulte 2008;Schulte et al 2008Schulte et al , 2012a including over 40 times to the United Kingdom (UK) (Gleed-Owen 2004;Michaelides et al 2013). In the UK, the species has been common in herpetological collections ever since the 19th century (Lever 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Widespread primary, but geographically restricted secondary, human introductions of wall lizards, Podarcis muralis

et al. 2015

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Establishing the introduction pathways of alien species is a fundamental task in invasion biology. The common wall lizard, Podarcis muralis, has been widely introduced outside of its native range in both Europe and North America, primarily through escaped pets or deliberate release of animals from captive or wild populations. Here, we use Bayesian clustering, approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) methods and network analyses to reconstruct the origin and colonization history of 23 non-native populations of wall lizards in England. Our analyses show that established populations in southern England originate from at least nine separate sources of animals from native populations in France and Italy. Secondary introductions from previously established non-native populations were supported for eleven (47%) populations. In contrast to the primary introductions, secondary introductions were highly restricted geographically and appear to have occurred within a limited time frame rather than being increasingly common. Together, these data suggest that extant wall lizard populations in England are the result of isolated accidental and deliberate releases of imported animals since the 1970s, with only local translocation of animals from established non-native populations. Given that populations introduced as recently as 25 years ago show evidence of having adapted to cool climate, discouraging further translocations may be important to prevent more extensive establishment on the south coast of England.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…) , P. liolepis (JQ403296) (Schulte et al . ) and P. erchardi (FJ867395) (Giovannotti et al . ) were used as outgroups.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Widespread primary, but geographically restricted secondary, human introductions of wall lizards, Podarcis muralis

et al. 2015

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“…2007; , , Giovannotti et al. 2010; , (FRD); , (LÖR); , (INZ); , (BRA); , (NÖR); (DRE); (MAN); , (SCH); , , (AMM), , Schulte et al. 2012a,b,c; Schweiger et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid genetic assimilation of native wall lizard populations (Podarcis muralis) through extensive hybridization with introduced lineages

2012

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The Common Wall Lizard (Podarcis muralis) has established more than 150 non-native populations in Central Europe, stemming from eight geographically distinct evolutionary lineages. While the majority of these introduced populations are found outside the native range, some of these populations also exist at the northern range margin in southwestern Germany. To (i) infer the level of hybridization in contact zones of alien and native lineages; and (ii) compare the genetic diversity among purebred introduced, native and hybrid populations, we used a combination of maternally inherited markers (mtDNA: cytb) and Mendelian markers (microsatellites). Our results suggest a rapid genetic assimilation of native populations by strong introgression from introduced lineages. Discordant patterns of mtDNA and nDNA variation within hybrid populations may be explained by directed mate choice of females towards males of alien lineages. In contrast to previous studies, we found a nonlinear relationship between genetic diversity and admixture level. The genetic diversity of hybrid populations was substantially higher than in introduced and native populations belonging to a single lineage, but rapidly reaching a plateau of high genetic diversity at an admixture level of two. However, even introduced populations with low founder sizes and from one source population retained moderate levels of genetic diversity and no evidence for a genetic bottleneck was found. The extent of introgression and the dominance of alien haplotypes in mixed populations indicate that introductions of non-native lineages represent a serious threat to the genetic integrity of native populations due to the rapid creation of hybrid swarms.

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No evidence for differential sociosexual behavior and space use in the color morphs of the European common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis)

Abalos

Lanuza

Bartolomé

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Explaining the evolutionary origin and maintenance of color polymorphisms is a major challenge in evolutionary biology. Such polymorphisms are commonly thought to reflect the existence of alternative behavioral or life‐history strategies under negative frequency‐dependent selection. The European common wall lizard Podarcis muralis exhibits a striking ventral color polymorphism that has been intensely studied and is often assumed to reflect alternative reproductive strategies, similar to the iconic “rock–paper–scissors” system described in the North American lizard Uta stansburiana . However, available studies so far have ignored central aspects in the behavioral ecology of this species that are crucial to assess the existence of alternative reproductive strategies. Here, we try to fill this gap by studying the social behavior, space use, and reproductive performance of lizards showing different color morphs, both in a free‐ranging population from the eastern Pyrenees and in ten experimental mesocosm enclosures. In the natural population, we found no differences between morphs in site fidelity, space use, or male–female spatial overlap. Likewise, color morph was irrelevant to sociosexual behavior, space use, and reproductive success within experimental enclosures. Our results contradict the commonly held hypothesis that P. muralis morphs reflect alternative behavioral strategies, and suggest that we should instead turn our attention to alternative functional explanations.

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Origin and genetic diversity of an introduced wall lizard population and its cryptic congener

Cited by 18 publications

References 46 publications

Widespread primary, but geographically restricted secondary, human introductions of wall lizards, Podarcis muralis

Widespread primary, but geographically restricted secondary, human introductions of wall lizards, Podarcis muralis

Rapid genetic assimilation of native wall lizard populations (Podarcis muralis) through extensive hybridization with introduced lineages

No evidence for differential sociosexual behavior and space use in the color morphs of the European common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis)

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